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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you calculate BMI?
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Weigth (kg)/height (m) squared
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What BIM defines being underweight?
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<18.5
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What BIM defines being normal weight ?
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18.5-25
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What BIM defines being overweight?
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25-30
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What BIM defines being obese?
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30-40
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What BIM defines being morbidly obese?
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>40
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What conditions are increased by being obese?
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Diabetes, dyslipidaemia, CHD, hypertension
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What are the social effects of obesity of women?
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Leave school earlier
Less likely to be married Earn less |
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What is the % body fat in men and women?
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Men=15-20%
Women=25-30% |
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define central and peripheral obesity?
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Central=located in abdomen
Peripheral=hips and thighs |
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What BIM defines being morbidly obese?
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>40
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What conditions are increased by being obese?
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Diabetes, dyslipidaemia, CHD, hypertension
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What are the social effects of obesity of women?
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Leave school earlier
Less likely to be married Earn less |
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What is the % body fat in men and women?
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Men=15-20%
Women=25-30% |
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define central and peripheral obesity?
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Central=located in abdomen
Peripheral=hips and thighs |
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Why might Asians and Men get more complications of obesity that caucasian women?
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more prone to central obesity.
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Give a genetic cause of obesity?
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leptin deficiency
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What must happen to a diet for obesity occur?
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energy intake greater than expenditure for a long period of time.
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What part of the brain regulates appetite?
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ventromedial (satiety) and lateral hypothalamus (hunger)
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What hormone is secreted by adipose tissue?
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Leptin
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What type of cells does leptin bind to what it crosses the blood brain barrier?
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specific leptin receptors on cells containing neuropeptide Y.
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What effect does leptin have of neuropeptide Y secretions and appetite?
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Decreases them and thus decreases the appetite stimulating action of neuropeptide Y
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What effect do leptin supplements have on obese patients?
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Those rare cases with a genetic cause of decreased leptin respond well and lose weight, but most already have raised leptin and treatment has little/no effect.
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What four factors characterise a patient who is likely to lose weight?
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1) high initial body mass
2) high central obesity 3) High energy intake 4) initial weight loss |
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What goal should be set for weight loss? Why?
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10% decrease, achievable and linked to significant morbidity
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What energy deficit is recommended for patients who want to lose weight?
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-500kcal per day.
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What are the two dietary changes that should be made to reduce weight?
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reduce portion size and type of food.
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What are the two broad categories of drugs acting to reduce weight?
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those acting on the GI tract, and those acting to depress appetite.
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Give three example of drugs used to manage obesity?
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Orlistat-Which is a pancreatic lipase is an inhibitor
Sibutramine-a ACh an serotonin reuptake inhibitor Rimonabant-endocannabinoid receptor antagonist |
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How does Orlistat work?
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inhibits pancreatic and gastric lipase, reducing ingested triglyceride hydrolysis. dose-dependent reduction in dietary fat absorption. Decreases risk of incident diabetes.
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What energy deficit is recommended for patients who want to lose weight?
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-500kcal per day.
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What are the two dietary changes that should be made to reduce weight?
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reduce portion size and type of food.
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What are the two broad categories of drugs acting to reduce weight?
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those acting on the GI tract, and those acting to depress appetite.
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Give three example of drugs used to manage obesity?
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Orlistat-Which is a pancreatic lipase is an inhibitor
Sibutramine-a ACh an serotonin reuptake inhibitor Rimonabant-endocannabinoid receptor antagonist |
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How does Orlistat work?
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inhibits pancreatic and gastric lipase, reducing ingested triglyceride hydrolysis. dose-dependent reduction in dietary fat absorption. Decreases risk of incident diabetes.
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what are the unwanted effects of Orlistat?
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GI secondary to decreased lipid metabolism: fatty lose or liquid stools, faecal urgency, anal discharge, fat soluble vit deficiency.
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How does sibutramine work?
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Serotonin and NA uptake inhibitor. Decreases uptake by potentiating beta1 and 5-HT 2a/2c receptors.
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What are the unwanted effects of Sibutramine?
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Tachycardia (maybe offset with reduction in BP from weight loss), dry mouth, constipation, insomnia, irritability, unstable impatient or excitation, headache, rhinitis, nausea.
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How does Rimonabant work?
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a endocannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist, decrease appetite by acting centrally. Acting peripherally it decreases insulin resistance.
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What are the side effects of Rimonabant?
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depressed mood, anxiety, nausea.
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What are the types of Bariatric surgery?
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Malabsorption bypass part of the stomach, restriction makes it smaller.
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