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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Whats the difference between and exocrine and an endocrine gland?
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Exocrine have ducts, their secretory products have a destination they need to go to.
Endocrine: are duct less, hormones go into the blood. |
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Whats hyposecretion? Hypersecretion during childhood and hypersecretion as an adult?
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Hypo=dwarfism
Hyper child= gigantism hyper adult=acromegaly (growth of hands, feet, facial features and thick skin) Growth is promoted by hormones produced by the placenta. |
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What is free calcium important for?
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1. excited neurons
2. contraction coupling 3. blood clotting |
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How is calcium homeostasis maintained? Which three hormones?
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1. PTH (From parathyroid)
2. 1,25 DHC - biologically active of vitamin D or calcitrol 2. Calcitonin produced by c cells of thyroid gland |
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Where is parathyroid hormone synthesized? What is it's release and inhibition triggered by?
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in the posterior of thyroid gland. PTH release is triggered (hypocalcemia) and inhibited by (hypercalcemia)
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What are the effects of PTH on the skeleton? Specifically on bones
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- To make osteoclasts mature
- Mature bone cells called osteoclasts (bone reabsorbing cells) to digest bone and release calcium and phosphates to bond. -Inhibits bone forming cells called osteocytes ( |
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How does PTH (parathyroid gland) influence the kidneys
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It stimulates active transport in DT to resabrob calcium.
Promotes elimination of phosphate ions in urine -- important to prevent redeposition of Ca in bones. Enhances activation of vitamin D (calcitrol) by kidneys. All of this results in the increase in plasma calcium. |
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What is the role of vitamin D and calcium
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You absorb a small percentage of calcium. The remaining calcium is absorbed by active transport system of vitamin d which is activated by liver and kidneys.
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Whats the role of calcitonin
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Its a hypocalcemic. Shows up when calcium levels are high, and synthesized by c cells in the thyroid glad. Calcitonin tells the kidney to stop reabsrobing calcium so it can be excreted. And increase bone calcium reabsorption.
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What are the effects of PTH
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It induces immature osteoclasts to mature and become fully functional; contributing to bone digestion.
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