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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the physical symptoms of anxiety?
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SOB, palpitations, dizziness, nausea, sweats, diarrhea, butterflies in stomach.
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List some of the symptoms of anxiety
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SOB, palpatations, dizziness, nausea, sweats, diarrhoea, fear, dread, hypervigilance
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List the organic causes of anxiety
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Delirium, hyperthyroidism, hyperadrenalism, intoxication or withdrawal states, angina, arrythmia,s PE, asthma, acidosis, hypoglycaemia.
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What is the lifetime prevalence of anxiety?
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25%
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What percentage of the bodys iodine is stored in the thyroid?
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90%
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What organ produces TSH?
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Anterior pituitary, it is produced by thyrotrophs
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Is thyroxine T4 or T3?
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T4
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Where is most of the T3 in the blood derived from
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Peripheral conversion of T4
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Which is metabolically active T3 or T4
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T3
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Describe the signalling pathway for the production of thyroid hormone
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TRH is secreted by the hypothalamus causing the pituitary to produce TSH which itself stimulates T3 and T4 production and secretion by the thyroid. Inputs into this system incluce, glucocorticoid levels, external temperature and illness state.
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What are the two effects of thyroid hormone?
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Calorigenic and Sympathomimetic effects. ↑ basal metabolic rate, heat production and number and size of mitochondria. Thyroid hormone also increases the number and affinity of beta sadrenergic receptors.
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What is Hashimotos Disease?
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Autoimmune tyroiditis causing hypothyroidism and goitre. The antigen is thought to be thyroid peroxidase (TPO) or thyroglobulin
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What is myxoedema
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Autoimmune thyoiditis where the immune system attacks TSH-R blocking their function producing hypothyroidism
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Describe Graves disease
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Autoimmune condition where antibodies agonist TSH-R causing hyperthyroidism. Can involve opthamopathy
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What is Addisons Disease?
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Autoimmune hypoadrenalism
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What are the effects of Hypoparathyroidism?
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Hypocalcaemia causing tetany and seizures
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Describe Vitiligo
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Autoimmune attack on pigment cells containing melanocyte tyrosinase leading to depigmented skin.
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What are the sites and mechanisms of thermogenesis?
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Brown adipose tissue is rich in mitochondria and is used to generate heat. Skeletal muscle can be induced to shiver producing heat.
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How does thyroid hormone promote thermogenesis?
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Thyroid hormone increases the expression of the uncoupling proteins UCP2 and UCP3 in mitochondria allowing H+ back inot the matrix wasting ATP and producing heat.
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What to alpha adrenoreceptos do?
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Activate specific G proteins that result in stimulation of adenylate cyclase thus producing an increase in cAMP
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What does Carbimazole do?
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Blocks peroxidase activity in the thyroid preventing organificaiton of iodine thus blocking the synthesis of T3 and T4. Propyl-thiouracil (PTU) also blocks the peripheral conversion of T3 to T4.
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