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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A condition caused by an abnormally high circulatin level of corticosteroid hormones produced naturally by the adrenal glands
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Cushing syndrome
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A condition that results from a deficiency in thyroid hormone
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Myxedema
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A term that refers to any toxic conditin that results from thyroid hyperfunction
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thyrotoxicosis
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the formation or Production of Ketone bodies
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Ketoaenesis
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A diabetic coma in which the level of ketone bodies is normal. It is caused by hyperosmolarity of extracellular fluid and results in dehydratin of intracellular fluid
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Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic (HHNK) coma
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A rare and potentialy life threatening disorder caused by a deficiency of the corticosteroid homones normaly produced by the adrenal cortex
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Addison disease
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the formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins rather than carbohydrates
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Gluconeogenesis
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the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
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Glucogenolysis
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What are the Primary functions of Insulin
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to increase glucose transport into cells
to increase glucose metabolism to cells to increase liver glycogen levels to decrease blood glucose concentration toward normal levels |
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What are the common causes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
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Inadequate insulin dose
failure to take insulin infection increased stress(trauma, Surgery) Increased dietary intake decreased metabolic rate alcohol consumtion pregnancy |
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what are the cautions for the intravenous administration of Glucose
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50% Dextrose should not be administered to infants or young children.
administration of 50% Dextrose may lead to neurological deficiency therefor administration of thiamine before or during the administration of Dextrose should be considered for PT suspected of having a thiamine deficiency |
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Causes of Thyroid gland disorder
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Congenital defects
Genetic disorders infection tumors Autoimmune disorder Hormonal disorders during puberty or pregnancy nutritional disorders |
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Chushing's Syndrome is caused by what?
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adrenal gland tumor corticosteroid drugs
enlargement of adrenal glands due to pituitary tumor |
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the endocrine system is composed of what?
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glands and tissues that produce and secrete homones
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what are the major endocirne glands
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the pituitary, thyroid, and parathyroid glands, the adrenal cortex and medulia, the pancreatic islets and the ovaries and testes
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The endocrine glands secreate hormones directly into what?
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the blood stream
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Most hormones can be categorized as what?
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Proteins, polypeptides, derivatives of amino acids, or lipids
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Hormones can be classified as steroid or nonsteroid? True or false
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True
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Disorders of the endocrine system arise from the effects of what?
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the imbalance in the production of one or more hormones
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What is Diabetes?
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a systemic disease of the endocrine system, resulting from a dysfunctin of the pancreas.
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What does the pancreas do?
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It is the chief regulator of the glucose levels in the blood.
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What are the islets of Langerhans
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pancreatic islets, ducts in the pancreas composed of alpha and beta cells and other cells
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What do pancreas beta cells release?
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Insulin, when blood glucose levels rise.
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What do pancreas alpha cells release?
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Glucagon, when blood glucose levels fall
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what is a normal serum glucose level in the blood?
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60 - 120 mg/dl
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What function does the liver serve?
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It serves as a blood glucose buffer system. It removes glucose from the blood when it is in excess. It also returns glucose to the blood when insulin secretion decline.
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How does Insulin and glucogon function as a feedback control system?
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They work to maintain normal serum glucose concentrations.
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Low serum glucose levels stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to secrete what?
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epinephrine.
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What are the two classifications of Diabetes?
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type 1, insulin dependent
type 2, non-insulin dependent |
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What type of Diabetic is most often adults over 40 who are overweight?
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Type 2 non-insulin dependent
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What are the three types of Insuline available?
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rapid, intermediate, and long lasting.
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You observe a patient with a very round face, thick trunk, and extremely thin arms and legs. He tells you he has an adrenal gland disorder. You suspect?
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Cushing syndrome
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The primary functions of insulin are to:
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Transport glucose into the cells
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When testing a patient's blood glucose level, you obtain a reading of 120 mg/dL. This reading is:
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The high end of normal
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Endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the:
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Bloodstream
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. If needed (as in the absence of insulin), fatty acids in the liver can be metabolized and used for energy. The eventual breakdown products of fatty acids in the liver are known as:
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Ketone bodies
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The type of diabetes that causes the body to destroy its own insulin-producing cells is:
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Type 1
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. A diabetic patient exhibits Kussmaul breathing to:
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Compensate for metabolic acidosis
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Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia may include:
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Combative behavior
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In a patient with diabetes, DKA is likely to result from:
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Infection
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Administration of dextrose 50% can precipitate neurological complications in:
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Alcoholic patients
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