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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Metabtropic Receptors
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Open via G-protein
Directly or Indirectly opens ion channels |
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What are Steroid Hormones?
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Synthesized from cholesterol
Lipid-Soluble Act on receptor INSIDE cells Circulate bound to proteins |
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How do Peptide and Protein Hormones effect a response?
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By acting on a receptor located ON the cell membrane
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G-Protein Systems
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Regulate cAMP formation
Binding of hormone inhibits/stimulates adenylyl cyclase which controls cAMP formation -cAMP stimulates protein kinase A which phosphorylates other proteins -->cellular response |
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Hormones which act by binding to a receptor ON the cell membrane
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Catecholamines & Peptide/Protein Hormones
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Glycogen Phosphorylase is _____ when phosphorylated
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ACTIVE
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Glycogen Synthase is _______ when phosphorylated
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INACTIVE
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Gq activates Phospholipase C to form ______
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DAG & PIP3
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PIP3 promotes the release of _____ to increase cellular activity
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Ca2+ from intracellular storage sites like the ER
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DAG activates ______ which produces a cellular response.
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Protein Kinase C
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Activation of Phospholipase A2 causes the conversion of a plasma membrane phospholipid into ______
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Arachidonic Acid
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Arachidonic Acids is converted via COX into _____ or _____ or by lipoxygenase into _____
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Prostaglandins or Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes |
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Hormones released from the Posterior Pituitary
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Oxytocin
ADH or Vasopressin |
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Functions of Oxytocin
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1) Milk Letdown
2) Uterine Contraction 3) Induce Labor 4) Reduce post-partum bleeding |
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Functions of ADH
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Increase water reabsorption in kidneys
Increase vasoconstriction |
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Regulators of ADH Release
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Alcohol Inhibits ADH
Blood Volume Central Osmoreceptors |
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Hormones released from the Anterior Pituitary
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thryoid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Growth Hormone (GH) Prolactin A F G L P T |
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-RH suffix
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Hypothalamus
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-SH suffix
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Pituitary
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Long Loop Feedback Control
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Target Gland Hormone inhibits Anterior Pituitary or Hypothalamus
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Short Loop Feedback Control
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Trophic Hormone inhibits Hypothalamus (ie. ACTH)
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Functions of Growth Hormone
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Cartilage & Bone Growth
Protein Metabolism Carbohydrate Metabolism Lipid Metabolism |
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GH effect on Cartilage & Bone Growth
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Acts of ephyseal growth plates to calcify them.
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GH effect on protein metabolism
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GH helps cells increase amino acid uptake & stimulate protein synthesis
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GH effect on carbohydrate metabolism
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GH has an anti-insulin effect --> keeps blood glucose high
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GH effect on lipid metabolism
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GH increases breakdown of fat --> Increase in plasma fatty acids --> Increased Triglyercide levels
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Effect of decresed Growth Hormone in kids
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Pituitary Dwarfism
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Effect of decresed GH in adults
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Increased body fat
Decreased bone mass Depression |
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Effect of increased GH in kids
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Gigantism
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Effect of increased GH in adults
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Acromegaly
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Regulation of Prolactin
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No prolactin unless pregnant
During pregnancy, estrogen stimulates synthesis of prolactin but inhibits its function |
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Function of Prolactin
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Stimulates mammary gland development & milk production
Inhibits GnRH |
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Why is GnRH inhibited during pregnancy?
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GnRH is inhibited during pregnancy b/c you don't want to ovulate during preg.
After pregnancy, |
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Can IGF-1 stimulate the anterior pituitary via long loop feedback?
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No, can either stimulate hypothalamus via long loop
or inhibit hypothalamus or ant. pituitary via long loop |
