Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Father of Endocrinology
|
Claude Bernard
|
|
Hormones
|
Chemical messengers secreted into bloodstream stimulates response in another tissue or organ
|
|
Target Cells
|
have receptors for hormone
|
|
Endocrine Glands
|
produce hormones
|
|
Endocrine System
|
includes hormone producing cells in organs such as brain, heart and small intestine.
|
|
Neuroendocrinology
|
the study of the combined function of the nerves and glands that release Hormones in the body
|
|
Nervous System
|
evolved for responding to rapid changes in the environment and for precise control over specific tissues
|
|
Endocrine system
|
made-to-order for slow steady communication relying on simple diffusion or circulatory system to deliver its chemical messengers
|
|
Endocrine glands
|
no ducts, release hormones into tissue, have dense capillary networks to distribute hormones
|
|
Exocrine Glands
|
glands whose secretions pass into a system of ducts that lead ultimately to the exterior of the body.
|
|
Examples of Exocrine Glands
|
Salivary
Liver (bile producing glands) Gastric Glands Sweat Glands Prostate Glands |
|
Why is a Cell a Target?
|
because it has a specific receptor for the hormone
|
|
Endocrine
|
born via bloodstream act on distant site
|
|
Paracine
|
acting on local env., act on adjacent cells
|
|
Autocrine
|
acting on cell that secreted them
|
|
Intracine
|
acting within the cell that produces them
|
|
Neurocrine
|
Neutral cells that release chemical signals into the bloodstream
|
|
Amino Hormones
|
derived from tyrosine
|
|
Eicosanoids
|
derived from FFA's
|
|
Peptide and Protein hormones
|
encoded in genes
|
|
steriod hormones
|
derived from cholesterol
|
|
Amino Hormones (General)
|
derived from tyrosine
includes catecholamines Ep and Nor-Ep (water sol) includes T4 and T3 (lipid Sol) |
|
Eicosanoids (General)
|
derived from FFA's
inc. Prostaglandins, Prostacyclins, Leukotrienes and Thromboxanes Archodonic acid is the most abundant precurser of these hormones |
|
Protein and Polypeptide Hormones (General)
|
range from 3 - hundreds of amino acids
water soluble comprise largest number of hormones |
|
Peptide Hormone Synthesis
|
1) synth as prepohormones in ribosomes and processed to prohormones in ER
2)Golgi Ap. packaged in to vesicles 3) released into extra-C- space in response to influx of Ca++ |
|
Actions of Hormones
|
- some attach to protein receptor on membrane
- others enter cell directly on DNA - in both enzymes are getting turned off |
|
Hormone Receptors
|
Proteins within cells targeted for activity that combine with the hormone and initiate the expressor of a specific gene
|
|
Receptors for Water Soluble
|
Found on surface of target cell, on the plasma membrane
|
|
Receptors for Fat Soluble
|
Reside in the Nucleus of the target cell (sometimes cytoplasm)
|
|
Hormone - Class - Location
Amine (Epinephrine) |
Class - Water Sol.
Location - Cell Surface |
|
Hormone - Class - Location
Amine (Thyroid Hormone) |
Lipid Soluble
Intracellular |
|
Hormone - Class - Location
Peptide/ Protein |
Water Soluble
Cell Surface |
|
Hormone - Class - Location
Steroids and Vit. D |
Lipid Soluble
Intracellular |
|
3 Stages of Cell Signaling
|
1) Reception
2) Transduction 3) Response |
|
Cell Surface Receptors
Location? Principle Mech of Action? |
- Cell Surface Receptors
- Generation of 2nd messengers which alter the activity of other molecules usually enz. within the cell - Intracellular Receptors - Alter transcriptional activity of responsive genes |
|
Types of Second Messengers
|
cAMP or gAMP
- activates converstion of ATP Phospholipase C - causes inositol triphosphate and diacyglycerol to be formed Calcium - activate calmodium |
|
Control of Endocrine Activity
|
Rate of Production
Rate of Delivery Rate of Degradation and Elimination |