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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intracellular receptors
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lipid soluble, steroid hormones diffuse through lipid bilayer.
HRC--HRE--change in protein prod.--promote metabloic activities ex. Testosterone or TH |
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Insulin
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1. Binds to Beta cell membrane
2. converted to ATP 3. calls depolarize closing K channels and opening Ca. 4. insulin relased though vesicle 5. insulin binds to alpha receptor 6. Beta units activated 7. triggers activities |
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Glucagon
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helps maintain blood glucose levels btwn meals and when fasting
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FSH
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spermatogenesis.
Stim= GnRH Inhib= estrogen, testoesterone |
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ACTH
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stimulates release of steroid hormones by adrenal cortex. Increases BG, lipolysis, and antiinflammatory
Stim=CRH. fever, hypoglycemia as cortisol increases, CRH and ACTH decrease |
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ADH
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decrease water lost at kidneys. resorption of H20. Raises BP.
stim= high osmolality of blood or low blood volume inhib= adequate hydration of the body and by alcohol |
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TSH
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stimulates thyroid gland to secrete T3 and T4.
stim=TRH and pregnancy and cold temp inhib= GHIH |
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Oxytocin
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stimulates muscle contraction in uterus, promoting labor and delivery. stimulates contraction of mammary glands and ducts
stim= impulses in responses to stretching and suckling inhib= lack of appropriate neural stimuli |
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TH formation
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Thryoglobulin. Iodinde ions are absorbed thought the GI and sent to follicle cells in thyroid. They are then pumped into the cells by active transport. Iodide is converted into iodine by peroxidase. Iodine attaches to tyrosine. They undergo oxidation reactions.
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TH transport
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T3,T$ relased from colloid into follicle cell. Enzymes break down thryroglobulin. AA and T3, T4 enter cytoplasm. Diffuse though capillaries and enter the bloodstream. then attach to thryoxin and other plasma proteins.
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Cell surface receptors
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water soluble! (PTH and glucagon)
ex. g protein |
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GH
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stimulated-GHRH
inhib=GHIH decrease rate of glucose utliization, increase FFA mobilization. Increase rate of protein synthesis. Indirectly= IGF and somatostatin |
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alpha glucosidase
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slows down glucose absorption and breakdown
ex. arcarbose |
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Blood supply of thyroid
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superior thyroid artery (external carotid)
inferior thyroid artery superior and middle thyroid vein inferior thyroid vein |
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TSH on Thyroid
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-stimulates iodide pump
-increase iodination tyrosine to form TH -increase proteolysis -increase size, number, and secretory activity of thyroid cells |
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Insulin and Fat
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inhibits lipase. promotes fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. stimulate glucose uptake by adipose cells
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Secretagogues
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cause additional insulin release by pancreas
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DDP 4 enzyme inhibitors
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work on Beta cells to secrete more insulin
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Biguanide
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metformin. prevent liver from producing glucose
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