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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What binds intracellular nuclear receptors
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steroids
tyrosine derivatives vitamin derivatives |
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Hormones released from hypothalamus
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TRH
CRH GnRH Somatostatin Dopamine |
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Hormones secreted by anterior pututary
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TSH
FSH LH ACTH MSH Growth hormone prolactin |
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Posterior pituitary
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Oxycotin
ADH |
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Thyroid
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T3
T4 Calcitonin |
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Parathyroid
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PTH
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Pancreas
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Insulin
Glucagon |
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ADrenal medulla
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Norepi
Epi |
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Kidney
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Renin
1,23, dihydroxycholecalciferol |
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Adrenal cortex
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cortisol
Aldosterone adrenal androgens |
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Testes
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Testosterone
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Ovaries
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Estradiol
Progesterone |
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Corpus luteum
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Estradiol
Progesterone |
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Placenta
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hcg
Estriol Progesterone HPL |
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Amine hormones
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dopamine
T3, T4 Nor Epi |
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Fate of peptide hormones after leaving golgi
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packaged into secretory vesicles where stimuli enhance or inhibit their release
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What are the cholesterol derivitives
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Aldosterone
Cortisol Dehydroepiandrosterone Androstenedione |
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How is estrodiol formed?
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Cholesterol --> DHEA --> androstenoe -->Testesterone +FSH --> estradiol
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How is progesterone formed
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Cholesterol + LH
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What is the pathway of tyrosine metabolism?
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Tyrosine --> L-Dopa --> nor --> epi
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Process of thyroid hormone synthesis
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iodination
oxidation organification |
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Process of PTH release
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Hypercalemia is sensed Ca sensing PTH receptors and prevents PTH vesicle release
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Difference btwn steriod and peptide hormones
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Steriod hormones are not stored but released as they are synthesized
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Half life of T4
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7 days
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Half life of clucorticoids
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vary
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Half life of peptide hormones
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less than 20 min; helpful during surgery
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What are the hormone binding proteins?
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TBG (T4 and T3)
CBG (cortisol) SHBG (androgen and estrogen) albumin (calcium) g= globulin |
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Types of membrane receptors
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7TM Gproteint coupled
Tyrosine Kinase Cytokine Serine kinase |
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Characteristics of nuclear steroid hormone receptor
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1. DNA binding domain with zn fingers which b/cms a transcription factor
2. hormone binding dimerization |
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What are the important hormonal rhythms
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Menstrual cycle
AM peak of ACTH and cortisol Peptide hormones secreted in discrete bursts |
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Types of bening neoplastic hyperfunction disorders
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Pituitary adenoma
Hyperparathyrodism autonomous thyroid or adrenal nodules Pheochromocytoma |
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Important malignant hyperfunction disorders
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Adrenal cancer
Medullary htyroid cancer Carcinoid |
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Important ectopic hyperfunction disorders
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Ectopic ACTH
SIADH secretion |
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Important multiple endocrine neoplasia hyperfunction disorders
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MEN1 and MEN2
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Important autoimmune hyperfunction disorders
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Graves' disease
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Important iatrogenic hyperfunction disorders
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Cushing syndrome
hypoglycemia |
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Important infectious hyperfunction disorder
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Subacute thyroiditis
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Important activating receptor mutation disorders
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LH
TSH Ca+ PTH receptors Gs |
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Autoimmune hypofunction disorder
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Hashimoto thyroiditis
Type I diabetes mellitus Addison's disease Polyglandular failure |
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Iatrogenic hypofunction endocrine disorder
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Radiation-inducedc hypopituitarism
Hypothyrodism Surgical |
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Infectious/inflammatory hypofunction endocrine disorder
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Adrenal insufficency
Hypothalamic sarcoidosis |
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Hormone mutation hypofunction disorder
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GH
LH FSH vasopressin |
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Hypofunction enzyme defect
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21 hydroxylase deficency
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Hypofunction developmental defects
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Kallmann syndrome
Turner syndrome Transcripton factors |
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Hypofunction nutrional/vitamin deficency
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vit D deficnecy
iodine defi |
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Hypofunction hemorrhage/infarction
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Sheehan's syndrome
Adrenal insufficency |
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Hormone resistance dysfunction
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Receptor mutaiton in membrane (GH, ADH, LH, FSH, ACTH, GnRH, GHRH, PTH, leptin, Ca2+)
Nuclear (AR, TR, VDR, ER,GR, PPAR) |
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Hormone resistance dysfunction via signaling pathway mutaiton
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Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy
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Hormone resistance dysfuction via postreceptor
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Type II diabetes mellitus
Leptin resistance |
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Ectopic hormone secretion
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ACTH by small cell cancer
hCG testicular cancer ADH by pulmonary lung disease PTHrp by squamous cell cancer |
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What are the important endocrine medical emergencies?
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
Addisonian crisis Thyroid stom Myxedema coma Hypocalcemic seizures Hypercalcemic crisis Pituitary apoplexy |
