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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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actions of insulin/insulin-like drugs?
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TK activity
liver: increases glucose stored as glycogen muscle: increases glycogen and protein synthesis, K+ uptake fat: aids TG storage |
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what type of drug: tolbutamide & chlorpropamide?
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first generation sulfonylureas
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what type of drug: glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide?
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second generation sulfonylureas
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mechanism of action of sulfonylureas?
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close K+ channel in beta cell membrane so cell depolarizes, triggering of insulin release via Ca2+ influx
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what are sulfonylureas used for?
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stimulate release of endogenous insulin in type 2 DM; require some islet function so useless in type 1
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side effects of first generation sulfonylureas?
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disulfiram-like reactions
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side effect of second generation sulfonylureas?
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hypoglycemia
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what is the most grave side effect of metformin?
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lacti acidosis
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can metformin be used in patients without islet function?
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yes
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action of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone?
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increase target cell response to insulin
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action of acarbose and miglitol?
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alpha glucosidase inhibitors - inhibit intestinal brush border alpha glucosidases; delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose and glucose absorption lead to decreased postprandial hyperglycemia
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mechanism of propylthiouracil, methimazaole?
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inhibit organification and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis - used for hyperthyroidism
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toxicity of propylthiouracil, methimazole?
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skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia
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what are orlistat and dsibutramine used for?
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obesity management (orlistat is long-term)
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use of glucocorticoids?
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Addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma
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mechanism of finasteride?
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5 alpha reductase inhibitor
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mechanism of flutamide?
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nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor
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mechanism of leuprolide?
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GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion and antagonist properties when used in continuous fashion
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mechanism of clomephine?
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partial agonist at estrogen receptors in hte pituitary - prevents normal feedback inhibition and increases release of LH and FSH from the pituitary, which stimulates ovulation
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drug of choice for women with estrogen receptor + breast cancer?
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tamoxifen - competitively inhibits estradiol at estrogen receptors
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treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome?
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ketoconazole, spironolactone
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