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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a thyroid storm?
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stimulation of the thyroid by palpation- it is a medical emergency
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what is myxoedema?
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hypothyroidism
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name a cause of secondary hypothyroidism
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pituitary disease; absence of TSH leads to atrophy of thyroid gland
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name a drug that can cause hypothyroidism
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Lithium carbonate- inhibits release of thyroid hormones
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what is the treatment for hypothyroid?
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low dose thyroxine and increase slowly
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what are the S/Sx of hypothyroid?
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hypometabolism: constipation, bradycardia, cold intolerance, dry skin, alopecia
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how do you Dx hyperparathyroid?
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PTH levels
Ultrasound EKG |
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this disease causes gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex
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Addison's Disease
70% are autoimmune |
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your labs show < cortisol, < aldosterone, what do you suspect?
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Addison's disease
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if calcium levels fall, what should rise?
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phosphorus
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what is the MCC of hypoparathyroid?
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injury to the gland during head or neck surgery
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what lab results should you expect with hypoparathyroid?
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Low Calcium
High phosphorus Decreased serum PTH |
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what is the most specific test for Addsions's disease?
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ACTH stimulating test
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what are some causes of primary adrenocorticoid insufficiency (Addison's)?
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Autoimmune
TB infection of adrenal gland Granulomatous Disease withdrawl of steroids |
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your pt presents with dark tanning of the skin, tireness, wt loss, hypoglycemia, what do you suspect?
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Addison's
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what's another name for primary hyperaldosteronism
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Conn's Syndrome
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name 2 causes of Conn's syndrome
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Adrenal tumor
Hyperplasia of the adrenals |
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how do you treat Conn's syndrome (> aldost)
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If tumor-> remove
If hyperplasia-> spirinalactone |
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how does hyperaldosterone affect electrolytes?
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increases Na retention
increases K excretion however, 40% of pts will have normal K levels |
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S/Sx of Conn's (> aldost)
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> B/P
Tireness muscle weakness > urination |
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how do you do the serum aldosterone test?
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it must be done in the morning and pt must be laying down for at least 30 min.
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what is cushing's disease?
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increase in cortisol due to pituitary tumor
You'll see > ACTH, > cortisol |
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what condition can mimick Cushing's by > cortisol levels?
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Lung small cell carcinoma
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T/F The majority of causes of Cushing's are due to ACTH dependent causes
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True
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How do you diagnose Cushing's?
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Dexamethazone suppression test
Do a 24 hr free cortisol level test If the level is >100ug, then it is confirmed Then do an MRI or ultrasound |
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In a lab test to detect Cushings, your plasma ACTH is undetectable, what could be the cause?
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the condition may be caused by an adrenal tumor
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this is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that results in an increase of catecholamines
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pheochromocytoma
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name the signs and symptoms of Pheo
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Paroxysmal > B/P
Severe headache >appetite wt loss palpitations |
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Test to confirm Pheo
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MIBG
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A pt with high B/P is unresponsive to meds, what do you suspect?
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Pheo
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Paroxysmal symptoms of:
Severe headache Palpitations Rapid heart rate Sweating suggest? |
Pheochromocytoma
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