Endocrine System Lab Anatomy

Front 1

A diverse group of ductless glands that plays a major role in regulating the body's homeostasis.

Back 1

Endocrine System

Front 2

The ten organs in the body that have hormone secretions as a primary function are the?

Back 2

Hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas and the ovaries and testes.

Front 3

Inferior part of the diencephalon, can belinked to the endocrine system's chief exective officer (CEO).It releases hormones that inhibit and stimulate secretion (inhibiting and releasing hormones) from the anterior pituitary gland.Also makes the hormone oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Back 3

Hypothalamus

Front 4

The hypothalamus makes this hormone that triggers uterine contraction and milk ejection from the mammary gland.

Back 4

Oxytocin

Front 5

Hypothalamus makes this hormone which causes water retention from the collecting ducts of the kidneys.

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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

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A small oval endocrine gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior and a posterior lobe, the secretions of which control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation. Also called hypophysis

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Pituitary Gland

Front 7

One of the two structures of the pituitary gland that is composed of glandular epithelium and secretes a variety of hormones that impact other tissues in the body. Examples include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

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Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis)

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Component of the pitutary gland that is actually composed of nervous tissue rather glandular tissue and doesnt produce any hormones. Functions as a place for storing the oxytocin and ADH produced by the hypothalamus.

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Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

Front 9

A hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of and secretion from the thyroid.

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Thyroid-stimulating (TSH)

Front 10

A hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland that increases the rate of cell division and protein synthesis in all tissues.

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Growth Hormone (GH)

Front 11

A hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates milk production from mammary glands.

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Prolactin

Front 12

A hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates secretion from the adrenal cortex.

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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 13

Located in the posterior and superior diencephalon.It secretes the hormone melatonin in response to decreased light levels and acts on the reticular formation of the brainstem to trigger sleep.

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Pineal gland

Front 14

The pineal gland in response to decreased light levels secretes this hormone that helps to regularize your body rhythm telling your body when to sleep.

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Melatonin

Front 15

Located in the anterior and inferior neck superficial to the larynx, composed of hollow spheres called thyroid follicles.Cells that line the thyroid follicles are simple cuboidal cells called follicle cells and surround a gelatinous, iodine rich substance called colloid.

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Thyroid gland

Front 16

Hollow spheres that compses thyroid gland and respond to TSH from the anterior pituitary be secreting a chemical into the colloid that reacts with iodine to produce two hormones T3 and T4.In between these follicles is C cells or parafollical cells which produce hormone calcitonin.

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Thyroid Follicles

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The cells that line the thyroid follicles are simple cuboidal cells called?

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Follicle cells

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The follicle cells surrounds a gelatinous, iodine-rich substance called?

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Colloid

Front 19

The follicle cells respond to TSH from the anterior pituitary by secreting a chemical into the colloid that reacts with iodine to produce this hormone with 4 iodine, that produces 10 times faster than T3 and the body converts it to T3 when T3 is low.

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T4 or thyroxine

Front 20

The follicle cells respond to TSH from the anterior pituitary by secreting a chemical into the colloid that reacts with iodine to produce this hormone with 3 iodine molecules. It is the most active compared to T4 and acts on essentially all cells in the body to increase the metabolic rate, increase protein synthesis, and regulate the heart rate and blood pressure.

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T3 or triiodothyronine

Front 21

In between the thyroid follicles is the cell type called? (It produces calcitonin hormone)

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C cells or parafollical cells

Front 22

One of the bodys main hormones that regulate calcium homeostasis and is secreted by the C cells in the thyroid follicles when calcium levels in the blood rise and it decreases blood calcium by triggering osteoblast activity and bone deposition.

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Calcitonin

Front 23

Glands located on the posterior thyroid gland and secretes the hormone parathyroid hormone (PTH).

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Parathyroid gland

Front 24

Secreted by the parathyroid gland in response to decreased levels of calcium in the blood and triggers osteoclast activity and resorption of bone tissue, increased calcium in the gut and increased calcium reabsorption from the kidneys. It is basically the opposite or antagonist of calcitonin and with calcitonin maintains calcium homeostasis.

Back 24

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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Sits in the superior mediastinum. It is the largest and most active in childhood development, during which it secretes hormones thymosin and thympoietin. In adults most of the tymic tissue is gradually replaced by fat and other connective tissue.

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Thymus

Front 26

Secreted by the thymus gland,both of these hormones stimulate development of T lymphocytes within the thymus.

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Thymosin and Thympoietin

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Sit atop of the superior pole of each kidney.Like the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland is actually two separate glands. (adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla).

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Adrenal Gland

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The superficial region consists of glandular tissue called?( secretes steroid hormones in response to stimulation by ACTH)

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Adrenal Cortex

Front 29

The outermost zone of the adrenal cortex secretes steroids called?

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Mineralocorticoids

Front 30

A mineralocorticoids that regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is?

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Aldosterone

Front 31

The middle zone of the adrenal cortex secretes steroids called?

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Glucocorticoids.

Front 32

A glucocorticoids that regulate stress response, blood glucose, fluid homeostasis and inflammation is?

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Cortisol

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Innermost zone of the adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids and steroids and impact the gonads and other tissues are called?

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Gonadocorticoids

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The deep region of the adrenal gland that consists of modified postsynaptic sympathtic neurons that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to sympathetic stimulation is called?

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Adrenal Medulla

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During the fight-or-flight response response, the adrenal gland releases this hormone to the bloodstream signaling the heart to pump harder, increasing blood pressure and performing other functions to enable the body to fight or run when encountering a perceived threat.

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Epinephrine

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Also released as a hormone into the blood, where it causes blood vessels to contract and heart rate to increase.

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Norepinephrine

Front 37

It functions as an exocrine organ by producing digestive enzymes, and as an endocrine organ by producing hormones, with insulin being the most important hormone produced by it

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Pancreas

Front 38

The functions of the pancreas is carried out by cells in small, round "islands" called
(They secrete secrete hormones insulin and glucagon which play a major role in regulating blood sugar levels).

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Pancreatic islets or Islets of Langerhans

Front 39

Secreted by the pancreas that triggers the uptake of glucose by cells which decreases blood glucose, also an antagonist of glucagon.

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Insulin

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Secreted by the pancreas which triggers the release of stored glucose from the liver, which increases blood glucose also an antagonist of insulin.

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Glucagon

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The usually paired female reproductive organ that produces ova and, in vertebrates, estrogen and progesterone.

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Ovary

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esponsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics of females at puberty and for the maturation and maintenance of the reproductive organs in their mature functional state

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Estrogen

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functions with estrogen by promoting cyclic changes in the endometrium (it prepares the endometrium for pregnancy), as well as by helping maintain the endometrium in a healthy state during pregnancy.

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Progesterone

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Secretes testosterone

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Testes

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Responsible for the development of the so-called secondary sexual characteristics (e.g., beard) of men, also essential for the production of sperm.

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Testosterone