Endocrine System And Hormones Of Endo. System

Front 1

2 types of Glands

Back 1

1. Exocrine glands
2. Endocrine Glands

Front 2

Endocrine glands

Back 2

Glands that release chemicals directly into the blood.
Endocrine glands secrete their products (hormones) into interstitial fluid the fluid that surrounds tissue cells.

Front 3

Exocrine glands

Back 3

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that carry their secretions into a body cavity, into the lumen of an organ, or onto the outer surface of the body. Sweat glands are an example of Exocrine gland.

Front 4

The endocrine glands include:

Back 4

Pituitary,
thyroid,
parathyroid,
adrenal,
and Pineal glands.

Front 5

In addition, several organs and tissues are not exclusively classified as endocrine g. but contain cells that secrete hormones.

Back 5

Hypothalamus,
thymus,
pancreas,
ovaries,
testes,
kidneys,
stomach,
liver,
small intestine,
skin,
heart,
adipose tissue,
and placenta.

Front 6

The Pancrease Isa mixed gland because ?

Back 6

It is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.

Front 7

Endocrine vs. Nervous System

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1. Endocrine system is slower acting.
2. Hormones are the chemical messengers in the blood.
3. Have " Target- Tissues"

Front 8

Nervous System

Back 8

1. Very Fast
2. Electrical Signals
3. Nerves for transport

Front 9

Differences between Endocrine and Nervous System :

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1. Speed
2. Infrastructure
3. Length of response

Front 10

Basic Functions of Endocrine System:

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~Energy: production, use & storage
~Salt and Water metabolism & osmolality
~Growth and Development.
~ Reproduction function.

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Characteristics of Endocrine Glands :

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~ Ductless - internal secretion
~ Rich Blood Supply
~ Produce Hormones

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Strict VS Mixed Glands:

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~ Strict Gland : produce ONLY endocrine secretions
~ Mixed Gland : Pancreas is both endocrine and exocrine

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Endocrine gland stimulation:
Neural stimulation:
3.Humoural Stimulation:

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~Hormone stimulation
TSH - Thyroid Gland.
~SYMPATHETIC OUTPUT~ Adrenal Medulla.
~CA++ - Parathyroid Gland

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General Cellular Effects of Hormones:

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~Activates or Inhibits Enzyme Systems
~ Directing protein synthesis
~ Altering membrane permeability
~ Stimulate CELL Division

Front 15

Hormone Chemistry:

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~ Amines
~ Peptides- Insulin
~ Steroids- Cholesterol

Front 16

Hormones Functionally Catogorized:By Lipid Solubility

Back 16

~ Lipid soluability: Steroid & Thyroid
~Water Soluable: Peptide and most amines

Front 17

Mechanisms of Transport of Hormones:

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~ if water soluable:FREE in solution, in Blood Plasma
~Large Proteins and Glycoproteins.
~ Bound to Large carrier molecules
~Steroids, small peptides, throid hormones

Front 18

General characteristics of Receptors:

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~ Macromolecules
~ Signal Transducers
~extracellular-intracellular signals
~ Hormone-Receptor Binding
~triggers events-specific biological event
~Specificity-Affinity-competion & Saturation
kinetics

Front 19

Types of Receptors:
*2 Types*

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~ Intracellular Receptors
Lipid-soluable hormones
(can go right-thru-cell wall)
~ Hormone is 1st & ONLY
Messenger

Front 20

Membrane-bound receptors:

Back 20

~Water-soluable hormones
**** SECOND MESSENGER****

Front 21

Hypothalamus LINKS Nervous System to the Endocrine System

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~ communicates with Pituitary
gland
~Produces neurohormones-released in the POSTERIOR
pituitary
~produces regulator factors-
~Control hormonal release from anterior pituitary gland

Front 22

Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis:
~ 2 main functional areas:

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~Anterior Pituitary-
Adenohypophysis
~Regulation by
the hypothalamus

Front 23

Anterior Hormones: 6
Posterior Hormones: 2

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~Anterior Hormones:
1) Growth Hormone:
~ stimulates protein synthesis & growth
2) Prolactin; in females stimulates milk produxn
3) TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone: Stimulates Thyroid to produce and secrete Throxin
4) ACTH- Adenocorticotropic Hormone:Stimulates Adrenal Cortex to produce glucocoticoids
5) Gonadotropic Hormones:
~ FSH- Follicle stimulating hormone:Females:
Stimulating follicles in the ovaries and their PRODUCTION of ESTROGEN
Males: Stimulates spermatogenisis
6)LH- LUTENIZING Hormone:
Females: stimulates ovulation
Males: Stimulates producyion of TESTOSTERONE

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Prolactin:

Back 24

~ in females stimulates milk production

Front 25

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)

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~Stimulates thyroid to: produce & secrete thyroxin

Front 26

Adenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH)

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~stimulates Adrenal Cortex to produce glucocorticoids

Front 27

Anterior pituitary hormone-
Gonadotropic Hormones:

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~ Follicle Stimulatiung Hormone ( FSH)
~Females: Stimulating development of follicles in the ovary & their production of estrogen
~ Males: stimulates production of spermatogenisis

Front 28

Lutenizing Hormone: (LH)

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~Females: stimulates
Ovulation
~ Males: stimulates
~ production of
Testosterone

Front 29

Posterior Pituitary
~ or Neurohyphysis

Back 29

~Releases ADH and Oxytocin

Hint 29

~ Neurohypophysis- terminal
axonal end of neurosecretory cells.

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Oxytocin

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~ stimulates LABOR contractions
~ stimulates milk ejection

Front 31

Hormones Functionally Catogorized:By Lipid Solubility

Back 31

~ Lipid soluability: Steroid & Thyroid
~Water Soluable: Peptide and most amines

Front 32

Mechanisms of Transport of Hormones:

Back 32

~ if water soluable:FREE in solution, in Blood Plasma
~Large Proteins and Glycoproteins.
~ Bound to Large carrier molecules
~Steroids, small peptides, throid hormones

Front 33

General characteristics of Receptors:

Back 33

~ Macromolecules
~ Signal Transducers
~extracellular-intracellular signals
~ Hormone-Receptor Binding
~triggers events-specific biological event
~Specificity-Affinity-competion & Saturation
kinetics

Front 34

Types of Receptors:
*2 Types*

Back 34

~ Intracellular Receptors
Lipid-soluable hormones
(can go right-thru-cell wall)
~ Hormone is 1st
Messenger

Hint 34

~Cyclic Amp ( cAMP) is a
*** Second Messenger****

Front 35

Membrane-bound receptors:

Back 35

~Water-soluable hormones
**** SECOND MESSENGER****
cAMP is a second messenger

Front 36

Hypothalamus LINKS Nervous System to the Endocrine System

Back 36

~ communicates with Pituitary
gland
~Produces neurohormones-released in the POSTERIOR
pituitary
~produces regulator factors-
~Control hormonal release from anterior pituitary gland

Front 37

Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis:
~ 2 main functional areas:

Back 37

~Anterior Pituitary-
Adenohypophysis
~Regulation by
the hypothalamus

Front 38

Anterior Hormones: 6
Posterior Hormones: 2

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~Anterior Hormones:
1) Growth Hormone:(GH)
~ stimulates protein synthesis & growth

Front 39

Prolactin:

Back 39

~ in females stimulates milk production

Front 40

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)

Back 40

~Stimulates thyroid to: produce & secrete thyroxin

Front 41

Adenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH)

Back 41

~stimulates Adrenal Cortex to produce glucocorticoids

Front 42

Anterior pituitary hormone-
Gonadotropic Hormones:

Back 42

~ Follicle Stimulatiung Hormone ( FSH)
~Females: Stimulating development of follicles in the ovary & their production of estrogen
~ Males: stimulates production of spermatogenisis

Front 43

Lutenizing Hormone: (LH)

Back 43

~Females: stimulates
Ovulation
~ Males: stimulates
~ production of
Testosterone

Front 44

Poserior Pituitary
~ or Neurohyphysis

Back 44

~Releases ADH and Oxytocin

Front 45

Oxytocin

Back 45

~ stimulates LABOR contractions
~ stimulates milk ejection