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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anterior pituitary
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
adrenal cortex - corticosteroid hormones
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anterior pituitary
folicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
F: ovaries - ovarian follicles
M: testes - sperm production |
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anterior pituitary
leutinizing hormone (LH) |
F: ovaries - ovulation, estrogen & progesterone production in ovary
M: testes - androgen synthesis |
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anterior pituitary
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
thyroid gland - thyroid hormone synthesis & secretion
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anterior pituitary
prolactin (PRL) |
F: mammary glands - milk production
M: unknown |
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anterior pituitary
growth hormone (GH) |
almost every cell in the body - increased growth & metabolism
liver - synthesis of somatomedin to stim growth of epiphyseal plate |
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anterior pituitary
melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
melanocytes - melanin synthesis & dispersion of melanin granules in epidermal cells
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posterior pituitary
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin |
kidney - reabsorption of water from urine
arteriole wall smooth muscles - vasoconstriction, raises BP |
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posterior pituitary
oxytocin (OT) |
F: uterus, mammary glands - smooth muscle contraction in uterine wall, milk ejection from mammary glands
M: contraction of smooth muscle of repro tract |
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secreted by anterior pituitary
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ACTH, FSH, GH, LH, MSH, PRL, TSH
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secreted by posterior pituitary
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ADH, OT
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secreted by thyroid
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thyroxine
triiodothyronine calcitonin |
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secreted by parathyroid
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parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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secreted by adrenal cortex
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gluco and mineral corticoids
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secreted by adrenal medulla
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adrenaline
noradrenaline |
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pancreatic islets
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insulin
glucacon |
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secreted by pineal gland
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melatonin
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secreted by thymus
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thymosin
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functions of the pancreas
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produces digestive enzymes to break down protein, starch and fat
produces insulin and glucagon to balance blood sugar |
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steroids are
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hormones made of a fat-soluble carbon
i.e. adrenal hormones |
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3 types of hormones
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proteins, glycoproteins, steroids
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thryoid: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
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metabolic rate, tissue differentiation and development
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thyroid: calcitonin
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maintains constant level of blood Ca
promotes Ca absorption into blood, excretion of phosphate |
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adrenal: cortisol (hydrocortisone), corticosterone
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glucocorticoids which affect every cell
accelerates breakdown of proteins in cells & mobilization and catabolism of fats maintains normal BP increase in response to stress anti-inflammatory |
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cortisol (hydrocortisone), corticosterone are controlled by
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feedback via hypothalamus & pituitary
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adrenal: androgens
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mimic effect of testicular hormones
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adrenal: estrogen & progesterone
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mimic effect of ovarian hormones
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adrenal: aldosterone
(mineralcorticoid) |
kidneys - controls mineral salt content of extracellular fluids (mainly Na, K & Cl) by affecting permeability of kidney tubules
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adrenal: aldosterone is controlled by
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renin-angiotensin mechanism
blood potassium concentration |
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adrenal medulla: epinephrine/adrenaline & norepinephrine/noradrenaline
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similar effects to those produced by stim of SNS
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adrenal medullary hormones controlled by
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stress -> hypothalamus -> pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons
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pancreas: insulin
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decreases blood glucose levels by promoting transport of glucose, fatty acids & amino acids into cells
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pancreas: glucagon
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liver: increases blood glucose levels by accelerating breakdown of glycogen
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gastric & intestinal mucosa: gastrin
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gastric glands
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gastric & intestinal mucosa: cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin
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gall bladder: ejection of bile
pancreas: secretion of pancreatic juice liver (secretin): secretion of bile |
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gastric & intestinal mucosa: enterocrinin
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secretion of digestive juices
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ovaries: estrogens (ovarian follicles)
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female sexual & repro function
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ovaries: progesterone (corpus luteum)
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female sexual & repro function
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testes: testosterone
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male sexual & repro function
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thymus: thymosin
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lympoid tissue cells - stimulates growth
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prostaglandins
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present in wide variety of tissues. involved in endocrine regluation. influences transmission of chemical messages.
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pineal body: melatonin
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regulates circadian rhythm
sets timing of pubery inhibits LH secretion & ovarian/testicular function |
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pineal gland: adrenoglomerulotropin
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stimulates aldosterone secretion
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exocrine glands secrete into
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ducts
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endocrine glands secrete into
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the bloodstream or nearby cells
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examples of exocrine glands
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sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas
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parathyroid hormone
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regulates Ca2+ metabolism, increases calcium concentration in the blood
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