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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what glands and hormones are included in the endocrine system
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hypothalamus
anterior and posterior pituitary thryroid and parathyroid adrenal cortex and medulla kidneys pancreas stomach duodenum testes ovaries placenta thymus pineal gland |
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what is the function of the endocrine system
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to regulate and coordinate body activities
-maintain homeostasis in the body |
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what do endocrine glands do
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synthesize, store and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
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what are hormones
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chemical messengers that are secreted in response to a stimulus
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describe negative feedback
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-sensors detect when levels of hormone rise above optimum
-signal is sent to stop or decrease hormone production -same in reverse if hormone production is increased |
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what does the hypothalamus do
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-links the cerebrum to the endocrine system
-important for regulating appetite, body temp and sleep wake cycle |
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where is the hypothalamus located
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base of the brain
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what relationship do the hypothalamus and the pituitary have
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pituitary is a gland attached to the hypothalamus and a major control gland of the endocrine system
-blood vessels form a portal system link between ant. pituitary and the hypothalamus |
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explain the portal system link between ant. pituitary and hypothalamus
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hypothalamus recieves info from the central nervous system and then secretes hormones directly into the portal system to regulate pituitary hormone secretion
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what does the nervous connectin between the hypothalamus and the post. pituitary do
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allows for direct transport of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
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what hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary
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growth hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone follicle stimulating hormone lutenizing hormone prolactin adrenocorticotropic hormone melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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describe the pituitary gland
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controls other endocrine glands
-size of a small pea -attached to hypothalamus by a stalk and seated in pocket of sphenoid bone in the skull |
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describe the 2 parts of the pituitary gland
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anterior and posterior
ant: normal glandular tisssue post: derived from nervous tissue |
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what does the growth hormone regulate
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metabolism of proteins, CHO and lipids throughout the body
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how does the growth hormone regulate growth
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stimulates bone, liver and other tissues to release insulin-like growth factors which stimulate general body growth and regulate metabolism
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what deficiencies can occur with growth hormone
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dwarfism and alopecia
thin skin |
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an excess of growth hormone causes:
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acromegaly
giantism |
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what does prolactin do
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helps trigger and maintain lactation
-promotes milk secretion in mammary glands |
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what does thryoid stimulating hormone (TSH) do?
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stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone
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describe the method in which TSH regulates the thyroid gland
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if thyroid levels drop, hypothalamus releases TSH-releasing factor
-TSH is released from pituitary -negative feedback loop regulates thyroid hormone if levels rise |
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What does the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?
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stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormones
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how does ACTH stimulate the adrenal cortex
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-negative feedback
-during stress, CNS signals for the release of ACTH through the hypothalamus -causes the release of cortisol (stress steroid) hormones from the adrenal cortex |
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what does follicle stimmulating hormone (FSH) do
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females: stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles and stimulates follicles to release estrogen
males: stimulates spertmatogenesis -promotes the physical and behavioural changes of estrus |
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what does luteinizing hormone do? (LH)
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"ripening hormone" for the follicle
-stimulates follicular development -stimulates secretion of testosterone by testes and estrogens and progesterones by ovaries |
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what are gonadotropins
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FSH and LH
-stimulate the growth and development of the gonads |
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what does melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) do
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can cause skin to darken at high levels
-uncertain role in most animals at normal levels -can cause rapid changes in color in reptiles and fish |
