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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of the endocrine system |
1. reproductive functions control 2. growth and development 3. electrolyte, water and nutrient balance 4. cellular metabolism and energy balance 5. mobilization of body defenses |
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exocrine glands |
1. nonhormonal substances like sweat and saliva 2. have ducts to carry secretion to membrane surface |
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endocrine glands |
produce hormone and lack ducts |
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ductless glands |
1. release hormones into tissues 2. high BV and lymphatic drainage |
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Endocrine only glands |
pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal |
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neuroendocrine glands |
hypothalamus |
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glands in the brain |
pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary |
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neck and chest glands |
para and thyroid |
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abdominal glands |
pancreas and adrenal |
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what are hormones? |
1. intracellular chemical signals 2. secreted into interstitial fluid 3. carried by blood to all body parts 4. receptors |
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hormone-receptor interaction depends on... |
1. hormones in blood 2. number of receptors 3. affinity for binding |
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receptors dynamic |
up and down regulation |
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how are hormones controlled |
blood levels and negative feedback loops |
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humoral stimuli |
changing blood levels of ions and nutrients directly stimulate secretion of hormones |
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neural stimulu |
nerve fibers stimulate hormone release |
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amino acid based hormones |
for therapy, must be injected |
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steroid |
made from cholesterol |
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eicosanoids |
not true hormones |
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hormonal stimuli |
1. hypothalamic hormones stimulate release of most anterior pituitary hormones 2. anterior pituitary hormones stimulate targets to secrete still more hormones 3. hypothalamic-pituitary-target endocrine organ feedback loop |
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hormones in the blood |
circulate either free or bound; steroids and thyroid hormones are only bound ones |
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concentration of circulating hormone reflects |
rate of release and speed of inactivation and removal from body |
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permissiveness |
hormone effect requires the action of another |
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synerginism |
amplification of effect |
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antagonism |
hormones have opposite effects |
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hypothalamus |
master of endocrine system |
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FSH |
acts on gonads of both sexes |
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TSH |
acts on release of T3 and T4 |
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Lutenizing hormone |
promotes sperm and ovary |
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oxytoxin |
uterine contractions |
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thyroxine |
metabolic rate |
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parathyroid |
acts on bone and kidney |
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Cushing's disease |
hypersecretion |
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Addison's disease |
hyposecretion |
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diabetes mellitus |
high blood glucose levels |
