Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Functions of Endocrine System
|
Differentiation of CNS and reproduction in fetus
Stimulation of growth and development Coordination of reproductive systems, making reproduction possible Maintenance of an optimal internal environment Initation of adaptive responses |
|
|
Hormones are classified by four ways...
|
Structure/Shape
Gland of Origin Effects it causes Chemical Composition |
|
|
Glands in the brain/head
|
Pituitary
Hypothalamus Pineal |
|
|
Glands of the body
|
Thyroid
Parathyroid Thymus Adrenals Pancreas Ovaries/Testes |
|
|
Hormone general rules (4)
|
1. Have specific patterns and rates of secretion.
2. Work on a negative or positive feedback system. 3. Affect only cells that have the appropriate receptors 4. Generate a specific activity. |
|
|
Concept of negative feedback
|
One increases, the other decreases
|
|
|
Particulars of Lipid Soluble Hormones
|
Circulate bound to a carrier protein
Very few circulate freely Diffuse through plasma membrane and bind to nuclear receptors without assistance Steriods, thyroid hormones |
|
|
Particulars of Water Soluble Hormones
|
Short half life
Circulate free and unbound Binds to cell surface receptor in order to send its signals into the cell Insulin, pituitary and parathyroid hormones |
|
|
Up regulation
|
low concentrations of the hormone increases the # of receptors on the cell surface
|
|
|
Down regulation
|
High concentrations of the hormone decreases the # of receptors on the cell surface
|
|
|
The 2 most popular "Second Messengers"
|
cAMP and Calcium
|
|
|
Hormone: ACTH
What is(are) the ... Secretory Cell Type? Target Organ? Functions? |
Adrenocorticotropic H.
Corticotropic Adrenal Gland Regulates growth and secretion of the AG, particularly cortisol and the androgenic steriods |
|
|
Hormone: MSH
What is(are) the ... Secretory Cell Type? Target Organ? Functions? |
Melanocyte-Stimulating H.
Melanotropic Anterior Pituitary Promotes secretion of melanin and lipotropin by the AP; makes skin darker |
|
|
Hormone: GH
What is(are) the ... Secretory Cell Type? Target Organ? Functions? |
Somatotropic H. Growth H.
Somatotropic Muscle, bones, liver: Regulates metabolic rate related to growth and adaptation to stress & increased protein synthesis, glycogenolysis, and fat mobilization Liver: induces formatin of somatomedins, or insulin-like growth factors that have actions similar to insulin |
|
|
Hormone: TSH
What is(are) the ... Secretory Cell Type? Target Organ? Functions? |
Thyroid Stimulating H.
Thyrotropic Thyroid Increased production & secretion of the thyroid hormone |
|
|
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
|
ADH & Oxytocin
|
|
|
ADH is used for...
|
Water absorption in the kidneys and fluid retention, causing to have more concentrated urine.
|
|
|
Oxytocin is used for...
|
Uterine contractions during labor, and speculated to sperm motility.
|
|
|
Thyroid controls...
|
all metabolic processes of the body
|
|
|
Thyroid responsible for..
|
growth and development
cellular metabolism consumption of oxygen heat production |
|
|
T-3 Normal
|
80-200
|
|
|
T-4 Normal
|
4.5-11.5
|
|
|
What effects the function of the thyroid?
|
Serum iodide
|
|
|
Parathyroid's primary function through what hormone
|
control serum calcium levels through the use of PTH
|
|
|
How does PTH work?
|
Increases serum phosphate levels which indirectly increase serum calcium levels
|
|
|
Normal Serum Calcium levels:
Normal Ionized Calcium levels: |
9-10.5
4.5-5.6 |
|
|
What is the major disorder of the pancreas?
|
Diabetes Mellitus
|
|
|
What are the three types of secretory cells of the Islets of Langerhans and what do they secrete?
|
A-Cells: Glucagon
B-Cells: Insulin D-Cells: Gastrin |
|
|
Major job of Insulin
|
Decrease blood sugar by moving glucose into the cell
|
|
|
Adrenal Glands are made of two components. What are they and what percent of weight do they account for?
|
Adrenal Cortex: 80%
Adrenal Medulla: 20% |
|
|
Adrenal Cortex secretes what hormones?
|
Glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Mineralocorticoids(Aldosterone) Adrenal androgens and estrogen |
|
|
What are the effects of aging on the Endocrine System?
|
T4 decreased, T3 decline, hyperthyroidism prevalent, TSH diminishes
|
