Endocrine System

Front 1

7 HORMONES OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

Back 1

1. Growth Hormone (somatotrophin)
2. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
4. Follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH)
5. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
6. Interstitial Cell-Stimulating hormone (ICSH)
7. Prolactin

Front 2

GROWTH HORMONE

Back 2

- also called somatotrophin
- promotes protein synthesis/stimulates cell division
- helps fat to be used as enery (maintains bld glucose)
- directly affecs appearance by influencing height
- regulated by releasing 2 hormones: GHRH & GHIH)
- from anterior pituitary

Front 3

THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE

Back 3

- TSH
- found in anterior pituitary
- causes throid cells to secrete the thyroid hormones
T4 thyroxine
T3 triiodothyronine
- stimulates the GH

Front 4

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE

Back 4

- ATCH
- stimulates secretion of cortisol from adrenal cortex
- stimulates growth of adrenal glands

Front 5

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE

Back 5

- FSH
- secreted by anterior pituitary
- stimulates developments of eggs in ovaries and sperm in testes
- stimulates estrogen production in females

Front 6

LUTEINIZING HORMONE

Back 6

- LH
- secreted by anterior pituitary
- causes ovulation
- stimulates formation of corpus luteum in ovaries so it can produce progesterone

Front 7

INTERSTITIAL CELL-STIMULATING HORMONE

Back 7

- ICSH
- secreted by anterior pituitary
- stimulates interstitial cells in the male sex hormone testerone

Front 8

PROLACTIN

Back 8

- secreted from anterior pituitary
- promotes development of glandular tissue in breasts
- stimulates production of milk
- function in males is unknown

Front 9

POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND HORMONES

Back 9

- hormones are actually produced in the hypothalamus and stored in teh posterior pituitary
- 2 hormones:
Antidiuretic Hormone
Oxitocin

Front 10

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE

Back 10

- ADH
- secreted/stored in posterior pituitary
- Increases H2O reabsorption of kidneys resulting in less H2O for the body
- conserves H2O for the body
- helps maintain normal bld volume
- drinking alcohol inhibit ADH resulting in increase of urine output
- stimulus for secretion is decreased of H2O in body
- secreted in large amounts can cause vasoconstriction therefore called VASOPRESSIN PRECURSOR for ADH
- once in bld stream vasopressin becomes ADH

Front 11

OXITOCIN

Back 11

- secreted/stored in posterior pituitary
- causes uterine muscle contration
- causes ejection of milk in lactating breasts
- may be used to hasten delivery, control bleeding after delivery or stimulate milk ejection

Front 12

THYROXIN T4 & TRIIODOTHYRONIN T3

Back 12

- both act on targe cells in the same way
- T3 is stronger but has shorter duration
- affects metabolism of carbs, lipids and proteins
- can speed or slow body activities prn
- increases all resp; heat and energy production
- helps change glycogen into glucose
- stimulates tissue growth by stimulating protein synthesis
- must have mineral iodine to be produced from amino acids
- secretion of T3 and T4 stimulated by TSH

Front 13

PITUITAR

Back 13

Pituitary

Front 14

THYRO

Back 14

Thyroid

Front 15

CALC

Back 15

Calcium

Front 16

SOMATO

Back 16

Body

Front 17

GONAD

Back 17

Sex Gland

Front 18

MAST/MAMMO

Back 18

Breast

Front 19

ACRO

Back 19

Extremities

Front 20

TROPIN

Back 20

Stimulating

Front 21

CRIN/O

Back 21

Secrete

Front 22

GYNECO

Back 22

Female

Front 23

GONADATROPIC HORMONES

Back 23

- react with each receptor site in ovaries and testes to regulate development, growth and function of these organs

Front 24

PARATHYROID GLANDS

Back 24

- 4 small masses of epithelial tissue that are on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
- function is to maintain Ca-phosphorous balance

Front 25

THYROID GLAND

Back 25

- very vascular gland found in neck
- consists of 2 lobes (one on ea. side) of the trachea close to cricoid cartilage)
- function is to regulate body metabolism
- must have iodine to function properly

Front 26

PITUITARY GLAND

Back 26

- small gland about 2 cm diameter
- known as mater gland
- connected to the hypothalamus by a slender stalk called INFUNDIBULUM
- most pituitary activities are controlled by the hypothalamus
- divided into anterior and posterior portions

Front 27

THYMUS GLAND

Back 27

- located near the midline of anterior portion of thoracic cavity
- also considered lymphatic gland
- large in size during puberty
- recently disovered that this gland secretes a large number of hormones

Front 28

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Back 28

- functions in the regulation of body activities
- consist of glans that secrete hormones

Front 29

EXOCRINE

Back 29

- have ducts that carry their secretions to a surface

Ex: sweat, salivary and lacrimal

Front 30

ENDOCRINE

Back 30

- does not have ducts
- secretions go directly into the bld stream

Front 31

HORMONES

Back 31

- chemical messengers
- when secreted into bld stream only influence cells with their particular receptor sites
- either proteins or steroids
- bring about their characteristic effects by modifying cellular activity
- many hormones reulated by (-) feedback mechanism, some controlled by other hormones and others are affected by direct nerve stimulation

Front 32

TARGET TISSUE

Back 32

- cells that have receptor sites for a given hormone

Front 33

SOMATOSTATIN

Back 33

- also called GHIH (growth hormone inhibiting hormone)
- secreted by the hypothalamus during HYPERglycemia

Front 34

THYMOSIN

Back 34

- plays a role in the development of the immune system
- aids in the development of T cells

Front 35

GHRH

Back 35

- released by the hypothalamus to regulated growth hormone
- growth hormone releasing hormone
- released during HYPOglycemia and exercise

Front 36

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Back 36

- control system reduces or reverses a stimulus like a furnace and thermostat
- occurs when there is a decrease in hormone levels in the bld
- decrease in hormone levels
- stimulates a chain reaction to increase bld hormone level
- usually involves a secretion of another hormone

Front 37

CALCITONIN

Back 37

- reduces Ca levels in bld
- decreases rate of osteoclasts (break bone down)
- increases rate of osteoblasts (build bone up)
- stimulus is HYPERglycemia
- works with parathyroid hormone to regulate bld Ca levels
- comes from thyroid gland

Front 38

PARATHYROID HORMONE

Back 38

- PTH
- increases bld Ca level activity in bone-releasing more Ca into bld
- Ca reabsorption from kidney tubules into the bld which decrease amount of Ca lost in urine
- Vitamin D is necessary for absorption of calcitonin (decrease Ca level)
- acts more slowly than calcitonin
- secreted in response to decrease Ca levels