Endocrine System

Front 1

Risk factors for Endocrine Disorders are:

Back 1

Hereditary
Congential
Trauma
Enviromental
Secondary to other disorders

Front 2

What is considered the "master gland"

Back 2

Pituitary gland

Front 3

Where is the pituitary gland located

Back 3

at the base of the brain and influenced by th hypothalamus

Front 4

What gland regulates sodium and electrolyte balance

Back 4

adrenal gland

Front 5

What gland promotes growth of body tissue

Back 5

pituitary gland

Front 6

What synthesizes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Back 6

Adrenal cortex

Front 7

What galnd influences the development of sexual characteristics

Back 7

Adrenal gland

Front 8

What gland is influenced by the hypothalamus

Back 8

pituitary gland

Front 9

What gland influences water absorption by the kidney

Back 9

pituitary gland

Front 10

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is located

Back 10

anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Front 11

The T3 level is elevated in:

Back 11

hyperthyroidism

Front 12

The hypersecretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland in an adult primarily caused by pituitary tumors

Back 12

Acromegaly

Front 13

The hyposecretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones caused by tumors,trauma,encephalitis,autoimmnity or stroke

Back 13

hypopituitarism

Front 14

Tumors of the pituitary may cause

Back 14

headaches and visual defects

Front 15

headaches and visual defects due to location of the pituitary is located near

Back 15

optic nerve

Front 16

diabetes insipidus is a ______ ____ gland disorder

Back 16

posterior pituitary

Front 17

Anterior pituitary disorders are

Back 17

hypopituitarism
hyperpituitarism

Front 18

Which test aids in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

Back 18

glucose tolerance

Front 19

What blood test is used to differentiate the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism

Back 19

Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)

Front 20

The normal value of TSH is

Back 20

0.2 to 5.4 microunit/ml

Front 21

A TSH value above 5.4 would indicate

Back 21

hypothyroidism

Front 22

T3 and T4 regulate

Back 22

TSH

Front 23

thyroxine(T4),triiodothyronine(T3) and thyrocalcitonin are produce by the

Back 23

thyroid gland

Front 24

What gland controls calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Back 24

parathyroid gland

Front 25

what gland influences carbohydrate metabolism

Back 25

pancreas

Front 26

what gland is located on the thyroid gland

Back 26

parathyroid

Front 27

produces insulin and glucogon

Back 27

pancreas

Front 28

indirectly influences fat and protein metabolism

Back 28

pancreas

Front 29

produces parathyroid hormone(PTH)

Back 29

parathyroid gland

Front 30

controls the rate of body metabolism and growth

Back 30

thyroid gland

Front 31

hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones(glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Back 31

Addison's disease

Front 32

Addison disease S/S are

Back 32

lethargy
,fatigue,
muscle weakness
GI disturbances
Wt loss
menstrual changes
hypoglycemia
hyperkalemia
orthostatic hypotension
dehydration
emotional distrubances
goiter
hyperpigmentation

Front 33

A nurse is caring for a client flollowing hypophysectomy. the nurse notices clear nasal dranage from the client's nostril. the appropriate nursing action is

Back 33

test the drainage for glucose

Front 34

Following several diagnostic tests, a client is diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. The nurse understands that which symptom is indicative of the disorder

Back 34

polydipsia

Front 35

excessive thirst

Back 35

polydipsia

Front 36

A nurse caring for a client with Addison's disease would expect to note what symptom

Back 36

hypotension

Front 37

A client with Cushing's syndrome verbalizes concern to the nkurse regarding the appearance of the buffalo hump that has developed. What statement would a nurse make

Back 37

Usually, these physical changes slowly improve following treatment

Front 38

A nurse assists in developing a plan of care fro a client with Graves' disease. Which of the following would the nurse include in the plan of care

Back 38

Provide a restful enviroment

Front 39

a thyroid disorder characterized by goiter, exophthalmos, "orange-peel" skin, and hyperthyroidism

Back 39

Graves' disease

Front 40

a rare endocrine disorder in which the adrenal gland produces insufficient amounts of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids)

Back 40

Addison's disease

Front 41

A nurse is caring for a client following thyroidectomy and notes that calcium gluconate is prescribed for the client. The nurse determines that this medication has been prescribed to treat

Back 41

hypocalcemic tetany

Front 42

A nurse is collecting data on the client following a thyroidectomy and notes that the client has developed hoarseness and a weak voice. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate

Back 42

Reassure the client that this is usually a temporary condition

Front 43

decompensated hypothyroidism

Back 43

myxedema coma

Front 44

The patient may have lab values identical to a "normal" hypothyroid state, but a stressful event (infections, MI, CVA, drugs, etc.) precipitates

Back 44

myxedema coma

Front 45

A man admitted to the ER with myxedema coma What nursing action would initially be prepared to carry out

Back 45

maintain a patent airway

Front 46

A client is taking NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse instructs the client that the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is

Back 46

6 to 14 hours after administration

Front 47

Blood hormone levels tests include cortisol levels to determine

Back 47

adrenal hyperfunction or hypofunction

Front 48

Weight loss in spite of increased appetite is a symptom of

Back 48

Hyperthyroidism

Front 49

Nursing management of hyperthyroidism includes

Back 49

The nurse provides emotional support, especially
if the tumor has metastasized and radical
surgery is necessary. The nurse also
handles body fluids carefully to prevent
spread of contamination.

Front 50

A client who suffers from ______ has large amounts of calcium and phosphorus passing through the kidneys.

Back 50

hyperparathyroidism

Front 51

A client who suffers from ______ has large amounts of calcium and phosphorus passing through the kidneys.

Back 51

hyperparathyroidism

Front 52

This condition predisposes the client to the formation of stones in the genitourinary tract, pyelonephritis, and
uremia.

Back 52

hyperparathyroidism

Front 53

With hyperparathyroidism the nurse encourages the patient to

Back 53

drink large amounts of fluids to prevent the formation of stones

Front 54

The nurse observes for adverse effects of thyroid replacement therapy.

Back 54

Dyspnea, rapid pulse rate,
palpitations,precordial pain, hyperactivity, insomnia, dizziness, and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders

Front 55

Dyspnea, rapid pulse rate,
palpitations, precordial pain, hyperactivity, insomnia, dizziness, and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, are symptoms of

Back 55

hyperthyroidism

Front 56

The most serious adverse effect of antithyroid drugs is

Back 56

agranulocytosis

Front 57

a severe and dangerous leukopenia particularly of neutrophils causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood

Back 57

agranulocytosis

Front 58

After a thyroidectomy, the nurse records

Back 58

the heart rate, blood pressure, sleep pattern, and daily weights

Front 59

rapid weight gain, particularly of the trunk and face with sparing of the limbs (central obesity). A common sign is the growth of fat pads along the collar bone and on the back of the neck (buffalo hump) (known as a lipodystrophy) and a round face often referred to as a "moon face".

Back 59

Cushing's syndrome

Front 60

Persisting Hypertension is a sign of Cushing's syndrome due to

Back 60

cortisol's enhancement of epinephrine's vasoconstrictive effect

Front 61

Cushing's syndrome due to excess ACTH may also result in

Back 61

hyperpigmentation

Front 62

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones T4 and T3

Back 62

Hyperthyroidism

Front 63

thyroxine

Back 63

T4

Front 64

Triiodothyronine

Back 64

T3

Front 65

An increase in the metabolic rate is manifested by

Back 65

restlessness
heat intolerance
elevated temperature
tachycardia

Front 66

In severe cases of hyperthyroidism the patient has:

Back 66

increased appetite
weight loss
exophthalmos

Front 67

a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit.

Back 67

exophthalmos

Front 68

An elevated T4 and T3
decreased TSH indicate what condition

Back 68

hyperthyroidism

Front 69

Accidental removal of the parathyroid glands result in

Back 69

hypocalcemia tetany

Front 70

a medical sign, the involuntary contraction of muscles, caused by diseases and other conditions that increase the action potential frequency.

Back 70

tetany

Front 71

Nursing management of hyperthyroidism include:

Back 71

check HR,BP,sleep patterns,daily wts.
elevate HOB 30 degrees
observe for respiratory distress

Front 72

The _______ gland may be _______ in hyperthyroidism

Back 72

thyroid
enlarged

Front 73

Radioactive iodine destroys hyperplastic tissue can result in

Back 73

hypothyroidism

Front 74

Complication of thyroidectomy are

Back 74

removal of the parathyroid gland
thyroidtoxicoisis
laryngeal nerve damage

Front 75

Slowing of the metabolic rate from inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones

Back 75

hypothyroidism

Front 76

manifestations of hypothyroidism are:

Back 76

lack of energy
frequent dozing off
low body temperature
Low HR
intolerance to cold
wt gain
slowed LOC
low pitched voice
menstrual disorders

Front 77

Severe hypothyroidism is called

Back 77

myxedema

Front 78

a skin and tissue disorder usually due to severe prolonged hypothyroidism.

Back 78

myxedema

Front 79

A low pitched voice,intolerance to cold, low HR and menstrual disorder can be seen in this condition

Back 79

hypothyroidism

Front 80

Hypothermia, hypotension and hypoventilation are manifestations in this condition

Back 80

myxedema

Front 81

Precipitating factors for myxedema coma are:

Back 81

infection
trauma
excessive chills
CNS depression

Front 82

In Hypothyroidism, TSH is _____ and T4 and T3 is ______

Back 82

increased
decreased

Front 83

With hypothyroidism, synthroid(levothyroxine) can result in

Back 83

hyperthyroidism

Front 84

Nursing care problems r/t hypothyroidism are

Back 84

activity intolerance
constipation
risk for imbalanced body temperature

Front 85

a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological stress

Back 85

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 86

Oversecretion of GH due to hyperplasia

Back 86

Hyperpituitarism

Front 87

An assessment finding of hyperpituitary are:

Back 87

huge lower jaw,
thick lips,
thickened tongue,
bulging forehead
Bulbous nose,
large hands and feet
Enlarged organs;
muscle weakness

Front 88

These diagnostic findings are associated with hyperpituitary

Back 88

elevated GH level
glucose tolerance test(hyperglycemia)

Front 89

The pt. is NOT to restrict this from the diet before a glucose tolerance test

Back 89

carbohydrate intake in the days or weeks before the test

Front 90

The patient fasts for 8-14 hours (water is allowed) before this test is performed:

Back 90

oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)

Front 91

Psychological support;
pacing activities
Pain relief;
self-care;
postoperative care
are nursing interventions r/t

Back 91

Hyperpituitarism

Front 92

Panhypopituitarism is what disease

Back 92

Simmonds’ Disease

Front 93

a lack of anterior pituitary hormones

Back 93

Simmonds’ Disease

Front 94

the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

Back 94

Hypopituitarism

Front 95

Anterior pituitary hormone activity stops

Back 95

Simmonds’ Disease (Panhypopituitarism)

Front 96

______deficiency leads to a decrease in muscle mass, central obesity (increase in body fat around the waist) and impaired attention and memory.

Back 96

Growth hormone (GH)

Front 97

Deficiency of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), in women can have s/s of:

Back 97

oligo- or amenorrhea (infrequent/light or absent menstrual periods respectively) and infertility

Front 98

the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age

Back 98

amenorrhea

Front 99

Men lose facial, scrotal and trunk hair, as well as suffering decreased muscle mass and anemia due to these deficiency

Back 99

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),

Front 100

These s/s are associated with Simmonds’ Disease

Back 100

Hypothyroidism,
hypoglycemia,
adrenal insufficiency;
gonads and genitalia atrophy
premature aging
cachexia

Front 101

loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight

Back 101

cachexia

Front 102

Cachexia physically weakens patients to a state of immobility stemming from:

Back 102

loss of appetite,
asthenia
anemia

Front 103

Nursing mgmt of Simmonds’ Disease (Panhypopituitarism) is:

Back 103

Client Teaching Adherence: Medication schedule

monitor: Blood hormone level

Front 104

a medical term denoting symptoms of physical weakness and loss of strength.

Back 104

asthenia

Front 105

Acromegaly

Back 105

Hyperpituitarism

Front 106

S/s of diabetes insipidus:

Back 106

Polyuria;
weight loss
Thirst;
weakness;
dehydration

Front 107

diagnostic test perform to diagnose diabetes insipidus:

Back 107

urine specific gravity

Fluid deprivation

Front 108

The most common type is central diabetes insipidus, caused by a deficiency of vasopressin, also known as

Back 108

Antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

Front 109

second common type of DI is

Back 109

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which is caused by an insensitivity of the kidneys to ADH

Front 110

With diabetes insipidus a urinalysis reveals:

Back 110

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which is caused by an insensitivity of the kidneys to ADH

Front 111

a urine specific gravity less than 1.002 indicates:

Back 111

diabetes insipidus

Front 112

A fluid deprivation test helps determine whether DI is caused by

Back 112

excessive intake of fluid
a defect in ADH production
a defect in the kidneys' response to ADH

Front 113

Increases in specific gravity is associated with

Back 113

excessive sweating,
glucosuria,
excess of antidiuretic hormone

Front 114

decreased concentration of solutes in urine may be associated with:

Back 114

diabetes insipidus
excessive fluid intake

Front 115

Diabetes Insipidus: Medical Management includes:

Back 115

Drug therapy;
IV fluids;
thiazide diuretic

Front 116

Nursing Management of diabetes insipidus is:

Back 116

Correcting fluid volume deficit
Measure I and O;
daily weights
Medication Adherence
diet therapy

Front 117

A decreased TSH indicates what condition:

Back 117

hyperthyroidism

Front 118

T3 and T4 are ______ in hyperthyroidism

Back 118

elevated

Front 119

What levels are opposite of each other in hyper or hypo thyroidism:

Back 119

TSH and T4/T3

Front 120

Adrenal insufficiency(Addison's disease) is manifested by

Back 120

hyperpigmentation
intense craving for salt

Front 121

an increase in ACTH production also increases Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone causing the _____ in Addision's disease

Back 121

hyperpigmentation

Front 122

SIADH

Back 122

Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion

Front 123

excessive release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary gland or another source. The result is

Back 123

hyponatremia, and sometimes fluid overload

Front 124

Water retention;
headaches
Muscle cramps;
anorexia
Changes in LOC
Serum and urine levels
Sodium and osmolarity levels

Back 124

are S/S for SIADH

Front 125

Monitor fluid intake and output
vital signs
Assess LOC
teaching to caregiver

Back 125

nursing implementation for SIADH

Front 126

S/S associated with (Hyperthyroidism)Grave's disease:

Back 126

Restless;
agitated;
*hand tremors;
diarrhea
Increased appetite;
weight loss;
visual changes;
exophthalmos;
neck swelling(goiter)

Front 127

Assist pt. with hyperthyroidism(Graves disease) to avoid:

Back 127

excessive physical stimulation

Front 128

Thyrotoxic Crisis

Back 128

thyroid storm

Front 129

T3, T4 oversecretion;
epinephrine release

Back 129

thyroid storm

Front 130

S/S of thyroid storm(thyrotoxic crisis) are:

Back 130

High temperature;
rapid pulse;
dyspnea
Cardiac dysrhythmias
delirium
vomiting

Front 131

monitoring of thyroid storm includes:

Back 131

vital signs;
body temperature reduction
Therapeutic treatment