Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Pituitary function
|
produces two hormones
drives other glands to secrete hormones. |
|
|
Endocrine funciton
|
endocrine glands secrete CHEMICAL HORMONES to the BLOOD STREAM
|
|
|
Exocrine function
|
exocrine glands secrete ENZYMES through ducts, to epithelial surfaces.
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
|
Pituitary
Thyroid Parathyroids Adrenals Pineal Gonads Kidney Heart |
|
|
Hypophysis
|
pituitary
|
|
|
hypophyseal veins
|
take blood from pituitary gland
|
|
|
portal veins
|
take blood from pituitary gland to median eminance
|
|
|
Pituitary location
|
sella turcia of the sphenoid bone; attached to inferior surface of the hypothalamus via infundibulum.
|
|
|
Pituitary location
|
sella turcia of the sphenoid bone; attached to inferior surface of the hypothalamus via infundibulum.
|
|
|
Blood supply of the pituitary
|
-superior/inferior hypophyseal arteries
-capillary beds -portal veins -hypophyseal veins |
|
|
capillary beds
|
within the infundibulum and pituitary gland
|
|
|
MSH
|
melanocyte stimulating hormone
-gives skin its pigment. |
|
|
superior/inferior hypophyseal arteries
|
branches of the internal carotid and posterior communicating arteries of the brain.
|
|
|
Adenohypophysis
|
anterior lobe of the pituitary (hypophysis) gland
|
|
|
pars distalis
|
aka adenohypophysis
|
|
|
Secretions of Adenohypophysis
|
ACTH
TSH FSH LH GH PROLACTIN |
|
|
ACTH
|
Adrenocorticotropic hormone;
-stimulates the release of adrenal hormone at the adrenal gland cortex |
|
|
TSH
|
thyroid stimulating hormone
-drives the secretion of thyroid hormones |
|
|
FSH
|
follicle stimulatine hormone
-females: development of ovarian follile. -males: regulation of sperm production -stimulates gonadal hormone release. |
|
|
LH
|
luteinizing hormone;
-female: stimulates ovulation/production of female sex hormones. (estrogen/progest) -Male: stimulates male sex hormones.(testosterone) |
|
|
GH
|
Growth Hormone;
enhances and maintains body size increases growth |
|
|
Prolactin
|
female: stimultates the production of milk in mammary glands.
male: involved in the integrity of reproductive system. |
|
|
pars intermedia
|
intermediate lobe of pituitary; only produces MSH
|
|
|
Neurohypophysis
|
posterior lobe of the hypophysis (pituitary)
|
|
|
Oxytosin/Vasopressin
|
secretions of the neurohypophysis
|
|
|
Oxytocin
|
hormone released adn made in the brain.
FM: stimulates milk ejection reflex/response of mammary glands. Lossens ligaments for childbirth. male: unknown |
|
|
Vasopressin
|
ADH
Reduces absorption of liquid in the kidneys for urination; limits diuresis (the absorption of liquid in kidneys and elimination) |
|
|
Thyroid location
|
inferior to larynx; 2 lobes with a conncting isthmus
|
|
|
Blood supply to thyroid
|
Superior/Inferior Thyroid aa.
Superior = from external carotid ar. Inferior = from subclavian aa. |
|
|
Thyroxin
|
produced by thyroid
-inicreases all cell metabolism |
|
|
calcitonin
|
released by thyroid
-decreases blood CAlCIUM levels |
|
|
Parathyroids
|
4; located or embedded in thyroid lobe posterior surfaces.
-produces parathyroid hormone |
|
|
parathyroid hormone
|
INCREASES CALCIUM blood levels
|
|
|
Pancreas
|
location: posterior to stomach
-sends enzymes via pancreatic duct to the duodenal ampulla. -produces: Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin Pancreatic Polypeptide |
|
|
alpha cells
|
-produced by pancreas
-aka, glucagon -raises blood sugar levels |
|
|
beta cells
|
produced by pancreas
-aka, insulin -decreases blood sugar levels. |
|
|
delta cells
|
produced by pancreas
-aka, somatostatin -regulates/inhibits alpha and beta cell production. |
|
|
Fcells
|
produced by pancreas
-aka, pancreatic polypeptide -regulates the production of pancreatic hormones. |
|
|
Adrenal glands
|
location: superior kidney pole
produces different hormones relative to area; cortex vs. medulla |
|
|
Adrenal cortex
|
produces:
-mineralcorticoids (zona glomerulosa) -glucocorticoids (zona fasiculata) -sex hormones (zona reticularis) |
|
|
Mineral corticoids
|
-produced by zona glomerulosa, outer cortex.
-maintains H2O/Salt balance, regulates sodium excretion. ADRENAL CORTEX PRODUCTION |
|
|
Glucocorticoids
|
produced by zona fasciculata, middle zone of the adrenal gland.
-Cortisol is a glucocorticoid -Affect metabolism of glucose |
|
|
zona reticulata
|
innermost zone of the adrenal cortex (between zona fasciculata and medulla)
-produces sex hormones: Androgens; Testosterone, small amounts in both male/females |
|
|
Adrenal Medulla
|
inner portion of the adrenal gland
-produces epinephrine/norepinephrine -stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers to increase B.P. and heart rate, for fight/flight |
|
|
Pineal gland
|
location: posterior midbrain
Production: melatonin; active in sleep/wake cycles, Circchadian rythm. |
|
|
Gonads (female)
|
Production of estrogen, progesterone.
-prepares the uterus for pregnancy -maintains the ovarian cycle. -prompts development of seconday sex characteristics, etc. |
|
|
Gonads (male)
|
Production: Testeosterone.
Prompts development of male secondary sex characteristics, sex drive. |
|
|
Kidney productions
|
renin
erythropoeitin calcitriol |
|
|
Renin
|
produced by the kidney
-one of many factors that maintains blood pressure. |
|
|
Erythropoeitin
|
produced by the kidney
-involved in production of stem cells in the marrow |
|
|
Calcitriol
|
produced by the kidney
-responds to parathyroid production, stimulates absorption to increase blood levels of Calcium and Phosphorus |
|
|
Heart
|
produces ANP
|
|
|
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
|
ANP; produced by the heart.
-Function: stimulate secretion of Na/H2O Senses b.p.; if high, ANP is released to suppress ADH levels. This allows water to be eliminated. |
