Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
7 Causes of HypoCalcaemia
|
Endocrine: Hypoparathyroidism
Metabolic: Mg def, Vit D def, Malabsorption, High Phosphate Surgery: Post-thyroid/parathyroidectomy |
|
|
4 Sx Hyperparathyroidism
|
Moans : depression, anxiety
Bones : bone pain Stones: renal colic Abdo Groans: peptic ulcer, constipation |
|
|
3 Fx MEN1 Syndrome
|
1' Hyperparathyroidism
Pituitary adenoma Pancreatic tumour (insulinoma) |
|
|
4 Fx MEN2 Syndrome
|
1' Hyperparathyroidism
Phaeochromocytoma Medullary Thyroid Ca Skeletal abnormality |
|
|
Ix in Hyperparathyroid
|
Bloods : Mg, Ca, PTH, PO4, Albumin,
Radiology : Xray skull, hands Body CT |
|
|
3 Modes of Ca2+ Transport in blood
|
50% ionised
40% bound to albumin 10% bound to PO4 and citrate |
|
|
Malignant Hypercalcaemia Physiology
|
If bone tumour then release cytokines which stimulate osteoclasts.
If extra-bone could be secreting PTH-related peptide. |
|
|
Cortisol, ACTH and Androgen levels in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
|
Cortisol low
ACTH high Adrogens high cortisol low because synthesis diverted to androgens, low feedback raises ACTH |
|
|
Causes of 2' Hyperaldoesteronism
|
High renin - Renal Artery Stenosis, RF, Cardiac Failure, Diuretics
|
|
|
Treatment of Addisonian Crisis (3)
|
Monitor K+
IV 100mg Hydrocortisone + Saline Prevent Hypoglycaemia |
|
|
2 quite unique features of Addison's Disease
|
Hyperpigmentation (buccal, palmar creases)
Postural Hypotension |
