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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the most common secretory pituitary tumor
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Prolactinomas
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what do these symptoms suggest?
amenorrhea galactorrhea infertility Vaginal dryness Hot flashes |
prolactinoma; usually micro in women
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symptoms of prolactinoma in men
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decrease libido
impotence visual impairment headache |
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how do you dianose a prolactinoma
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prolactin levels >200 ng/mL
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which is the most sensitive test for detecting pituitary tumors and determining their size
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MRI
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What is the treatment of prolactinomas?
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Dopamine agonist
Trans – sphenoidal surgery Used when the patient has visual field abnormalities or neurologic Sx |
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what causes gigantism and acromegaly?
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hyper secretion of GH
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what are the features of acromegaly
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Widening of the hands and feet
Coarsening of the facial features Frontal sinuses enlargement |
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what is the initial Tx of choice for acromegaly
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Trans-sphenoidal microsurgery is the initial Tx of choice
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where does 85% of T3 come from?
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its converted from T4 in the tissues, liver, muscle, and kidney
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what has a negative effect on TSH release
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free T4
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name some causes of hyperthyroidism
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Graves disease
Toxic multinodular goiter Toxic solitary goiter results in excess circulating T4 or T3 |
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what are the signs and symptoms of Graves disease
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Diffuse goiter
Pretibial myxoedema Tachycardia with a bounding pulse Exophthalmos Lid lag (usually on downward eye movement) Lid retraction Peri-orbital puffiness Increased lacrimation Conjunctival edema and ulceration |
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atrial fib, heart failure and weight loss in a pt over 60, what do you suspect?
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Think hyperthyroidism
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how do you treat hyperthyroidism?
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Anti-thyroid drugs:
Carbimazole or methimazole followed by propylthiouracil Beta-blocking drugs in the initial stages of management Sub-total thyroidectomy Radioactive iodine therapy Tx is based on pt age and history |
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name the hormones of the drendal gland
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Cortisol
Aldosterone Norepinephrine |
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Name the hormones produced by the ovaries
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Estrogen
Progestrone Testosterone |
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what is the half-life of peptide hormones
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only a few minutes
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how are steroid hormones eliminated from the body?
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by inactivating metabolic transformations and excretion in urine or bile
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name 2 hormones derived from Amino Acid
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Thyroid hormones: T3,T4
Catecholamines: epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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what is the half-life of thyroid hormones
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a few days
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what is the half-life of catecholamines
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they are rapidly degraded, only a few minutes
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name two amino acids needed to synthesize serotonin and histamine
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Tryptophan is the precursor to serotonin and melatonin
Glutamic acid is converted to histamine |
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what class of hormones are prostaglandins, prostacyclins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes
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Fatty Acid Derivatives - Eicosanoids
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what is the most abundant precursor for eicosanoid hormones
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Arachadonic acid
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what is the major role of growth hormone
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to stimulate the liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-I
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what does IGF-I do?
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stimulates proliferation of chondrocytes, resulting in bone growth
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What class of hormones are catecholamines and thyroxine
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Amines, derived from amino acids
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what class of hormones are insulin and growth hormone
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Peptide hormones
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what class of hormones are testosterone and cortisol
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fatty acid derivatives
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This hormone stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, and production of estrogen and progesterone
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LH
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This hormone stims. the production of testosterone in males
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LH
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