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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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second messenger of PTH
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cAMP
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cells that secrete PTH
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chief cells of parathyroid (oxyphil cells)
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PTH effects on phosphate
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increases bone resorption of phosphate
decreases kidney resorption (increase in urine phosphate) |
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PTH effects on calcium
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increases bone and DCT of kidney resorption
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PTH effects on vitamin D (1,25 calcitriol)
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increases production via 1 alpha hydroylase stimulation in the kidney
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PTH effects on osteoclasts and osteoblasts
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stimulates both, and also osteocytes
osteoblasts directly osteoclasts indirectly |
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upper lobes origin of parathyroid gland
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4th pharyngeal pouch
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lower lobes origin of parathyroid gland
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3rd pharygeal pouch
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regulation of PTH
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decrease in serum free Ca2+ increases PTH secretion
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PTH effects on renal tubular cells
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reabsorption of calcium
inhibits phosphate reabsorption increases urinary cAMP stimulations 1,25 production increases serum calcium |
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PTH effects on intestinal tract
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increases calcium reabsorption via 1,25 activation
increases serum calcium |
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PTH effects on bone
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stimulates calcium release
directly stimulates osteoblasts indirectly stimulates clasts enhances bone matrix degradation increases serum calcium |
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inactive form of vitamin d
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24,25
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actions of vitamin D
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increases absorption of dietary calcium
increases absorption of dietary phosphate increases bone resorption of Calcium and phosphate |
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regulation of vitamin D
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1,25 is increased due to low calcium, low phosphate and high PTH
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Calcium, Phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in hyperparathyroidism
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increased ca, alp and PTH
decreased phosphate |
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Calcium, Phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in Paget's disease
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normal phosphate and PTH
normal or elevated calcium very elevated ALP |
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Calcium, Phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in vitamin D toxicity
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decreased PTH
elevated calcium and phosphate normal or elevated ALP |
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Calcium, Phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in osteomalacia
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decreased calcium and phosphate
increased ALP and PTH |
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Calcium, Phosphate, ALP and PTH leveles in osteoporosis
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all are normal
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Calcium, Phosphate, ALP and PTH levels in renal insufficiency
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decreased calcium
increased phosphate and PTH normal alp |
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source of calcitonin
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parafollicular cells (c cells of thyroid)
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function of calcitonin
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decreases bone resoption of calcium (osteoclasts)
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regulation of calcitonin
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increase serum calcium causes release
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cause of primary hyperparathyroidism
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usually adenoma, may present with weakness and constipation
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cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
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usually chronic renal disease (decreased serum calcium) called renal osteodystrophy
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osteitis fibrosa cystica features (von Recklinghausen)
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cystic bone spaces filled with brown fibrous tissue causing bone pain
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causes of hypoparathyroidism
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usually excision during thyroid surgery
autoimmune diGeorge hypocalcemia, tetany |
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chvostek's sign
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sign of hypoparathyroidism
tap facial nerve, results in contraction of facial muscles |
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trousseau's sign
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sign of hypoparathyroidism
occlusion of brachial artery with BP cuff causes carpal spasm |
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features of pseudohypoparathyroidism
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AD
kidney is unresponsive to PTH hypocalcemia, shortened 4th and 5th digits, short stature |
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causes of hypercalcemia (chimpanzees)
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hyperPTH, hyperthyroid, iatrogenic (thiazides), multiple myeloma, paget's, addison's, neoplasms, zollinger ellison, excess D and A, sarcoidosis
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magnesium's effects on PTH
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mild decrease will stimulate
large decrease will inhibit |
