Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Octreotide
|
Properties - Synthetic somatostatin analog given SQ.
Indications - acromegaly, glucagonoma, insulinoma, GI bleeding, intractable diarrhea |
|
Leuprolide
|
Properties - GnRH analog that inhibits gonadotropin release when given in continuous doses. Given SQ or IM.
Indications - Prostate cancer, PCOS, uterine fibroids, endometriosis. |
|
Bromocriptine
|
Properties - Dopamine receptor agonist. Given orally.
Indications - hyperprolactinemia and associated infertility and breast ingorgement, inhibit lacation postpartum. Can also be used with octreotide in acromegaly. SE, Tox - N/V, arrhythmias, hypotension, paranoia/psychosis. |
|
Oxytocin
|
Properties - posterior pituitary hormone. Given IV to induce/maintain labor, IM to control postpartum bleeding, as a nasal spray to cause milk secretion.
|
|
DDAVP (desmopressin)
|
Properties - analog of ADH with no V1 effects (so no smooth muscle contraction --> HTN)
Indications - central diabetes insipidus |
|
Menotropins
|
Properties - partially degraded FSH and LH
Indications - induces ovulation in infertile women when followed by HCG. induces spermatogenesis in infertile men when following HCG. SE, Tox - overstimulation of ovaries --> multiple pregnancies, ovarian cysts. |
|
Cosyntropin
|
Properties - a sythetic ACTH analog which is less antigenic.
Indications - Used in the diagnosis of adrenal function (failure to respond indicates primary adrenal disorder). |
|
Levothroxine sodium
|
Properties - levo isomer of T4 given orally or IV. T4 has halflife of 6-7 days.
Indications - hypothyroidism. preferred drug because cheaper, easier to monitor, and has longer half life than synthetic T3 drug. |
|
Iodine
|
Properties - 50+mg/d will lead to autoinhibition of thyroid hormone production. Blocks uptake of iodide by the gland and diminishes vascularity. Given as Lugol solution (iodine and potassium iodide). Works within 24 hours.
Indications - given preop to shrink the gland before surgical removal, as tx for thyroid storm. NOT long term. SE, Tox - dose-related. hypersensitivity, head cold symptoms, gastric irritation, parotitis. long-term use --> sudden disinhibition --> acute hyperparathyroidism. |
|
Propylthiouricil (PTU) and methimazole
|
Class - Thioamides
Properties - inhibit the peroxidase enyzmes (oxidation of iodide and coupling of iodinated tyrosyl groups) --> decreased hormone synthesis. Also inhibits peripheral T4 --> T3. Onset of action after performed hormones have been metabolized. Indications - control of hyperthyroidism until surgery, until the effect of radioactive iodide begins, and long-term therapy for mild-moderate cases. PO. SE, Tox - maculopapular rash, joint pain, headache, nausea, hair loss. Rare, serious agranulocytosis. Can cross placenta and enter breast milk; PTU is more protein-bound therefore less likely to do so. |
|
Radioactive Iodine
|
Properties - Either PO or IV, it is taken up rapidly by the thyroid --> thyroglobulin. Causes destruciton of the gland by emission of beta particles with minimal damage to surrounding tissue.
Indications - hyperthyroidism SE, Tox - overdosage --> delayed hypothyroidism. CI - pregnancy. |
|
Calcitonin
|
Properties - lowers serum calcium, inhibits bone resorption, blocks Ca, phosphate release from bone
Indications - hypercalcemia, hyperPTH, vitamin D toxicity, Paget disease, bone tumors, osteoporosis. SE, Tox - hypersensitivity rxns, hypocalcemia |
|
Vitamin D
|
Indications - hypocalcemia due to rickets, hypoPTH, osteomalacia
SE, Tox - hypercalcemia |
|
Diphosphonates
|
Properties - analogs of pyrophosphate bind to hydroxyapatite crystals and reduce their formation, growth, and dissolution --> less bone turnover
Indications - hypercalcemia of malignancy, Page disease, osteoporosis, hyperPTH |
|
Sulfonylureas
|
Examples - Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyburide, glipizide
Properties - stimulates insulin release by closing K channels in βcell membrane --> depol --> Ca influx and insulin release Indications - NIDDM SE, Tox - hypoglycemia esp. with long-acting chlorpropamide and high-potency glyburide and glipizide, skin rashes, GI upset, hypothyroidism, disulfiram-like reaction, esp with chlorpropamide |
|
Metformin
|
Properties - mechanism unknown, possibly inhibits gluconeoneogenesis, increases glycolysis --> decreased serum glucose levels.
Indications - NIDDM, don't need islet function SE, Tox - NO hypoglycemia, can result in lactic acidosis |
|
Glitazones or Thiazolidinediones (the longest name EVER)
|
Examples - Pioglitazone, risiglitazone
Properties - increase target cell response to insulin. can be used alone or with other agents. SE, Tox - weight gain, troglitazone is hepatotoxic |
|
Repaglinide
|
Properties - sulfonylurea-like, stimulates insulin release
|
|
Acorbose
|
Properties - inhibits α-glucosidase of brush border and prevents asorption of glucose
SE, Tox - GI discomfort |