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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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treatment strategy for type I DM
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low sugar diet, insulin replacement
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treatment strategy for type II DM
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dietary modification and exercise for weight loss; oral hypoglycemics
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short acting insulin
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lispro, insulin
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intermediate acting insulin
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NPH
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long acting insulin
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Lente, ultralente
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how do oral insulins work
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bind insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity)
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sulfonylureas MOA
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close K channel in B cell membrane so cell depolarizes- triggering insulin release via incr Ca influx
(stimulate endogenous release of insulin) require beta cell function |
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Sulfonylureas tox
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hypoglycemia
disulfiram like reactions |
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sulfonylureas
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tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide
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metformin MOA
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decrease GNG, increase glycolysis
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metformin CI
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renal disease, liver disease, CHF (monitor hepatic enzymes)
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metformin SE
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LACTIC ACIDOSIS, decr TG, LDL
no weight gain |
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glitazones MOA
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improve target cell response to insulin by binding to PPAR
DOC! directly targets MOA of DM |
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glitazones tox
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weight gain, edema, hepatotox
do not use with CHF, liver dysfunction (but okay in renal disease) |
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alpha glucosidase inhibitors
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acarbose, miglitol
delayed surgar hydrolysis and glucose absorption lead to decreased postpranial hyperglycemia causes GI disturbances |
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orlistat
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alters fat metaboism by inhibiting pancr lipases
long term obesity management tox: steatorrhea, GI discomfort, reduced abspt of fat sol vitamins, HA |
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sibutramine
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sympathomimetic serotonin and NE reuptake inhibitor
tox: hypertension and tachy |
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bisphosphonates
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decrease OC activity
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hyperCa
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etidronate, pamidronate
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osteoporosis
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alendronate, risedronate
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Pagets
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risedronate, tiludronate
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Propylthoiuracil, methimazole
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inhibit organification and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis (inhibit iodination of tyrosyl groups)
PTU: also decreases peripheral conversion T4-T3 tox: skin rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia |
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GH use (somatotropin)
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GH def, turner's
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somatostatin use (octreotide)
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acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, PUD, eso varices, pancreatitis
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oxytocin
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stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let down, controls uterine hemorrhage
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ADH (desmopressin)
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pituitary (central) DI
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levothyroxine, triiodothyronine
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thyroid replacement
used for hypothyroid, myxedema tox: tachy, heat intol, tremors |
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glucocorticoids
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decrease production of LT and PG by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX2
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use of glucocorticoids
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Addisons, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma
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Tox of glucocorticoids
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Iatrogenic Cushings- buffalo hump, moon facies, truncal obesity, muscle wasting, thin skin, easy bruisability, osteoporosis, adrenocortical atrophy, peptic ulcer, diabetes
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