Endocrine Pathology

Front 1

Information from this gland, neural and chemical, stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete different hormones

Back 1

Hypothalamus

Front 2

The largest endocrine gland in the body is:

Back 2

Thyroid

Front 3

The "master" gland of the endocrine is seated in the sella turcica - this gland is:

Back 3

Hypophysis (Pituitary gland)

Front 4

Another name for the pituitary gland is the:

Back 4

Hypophysis

Front 5

This endocrine gland plays a significant role in immunity and leukocyte maturation.

Back 5

Thymus

Front 6

That endocrine gland, referred to as the "third eye" because it secretes hormones to regulate circadian rhythm in humans, is called the __________.

Back 6

Pineal

Front 7

Primary adrenal insufficiency resulting from autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex is called ___________.

Back 7

Addison's Disease

Front 8

This endocrine gland is responsible for stimulating osteoclasts and increasing calcium absorption in kidneys and bowel.

Back 8

Parathyroid gland

Front 9

Which pathology may result in nephrocalcinosis?

Back 9

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 10

Which diabetes is a genetic disorder presenting as an autoimmune event associated with ketoacidosis?

Back 10

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Front 11

That part of the adrenal gland responsible for electrolyte balance is:

Back 11

Cortex

Front 12

"Little People" that are well proportioned suffer from:

Back 12

Hypopituitarism

Front 13

That endocrine gland with primary responsibility for regulating tissue growth is:

Back 13

Thyroid

Front 14

If this condition occurs prior to growth place closure we call it "rickets". Occurring after closure we call it:

Back 14

Osteomalacia

Front 15

Release of hormones by the endocrine system in response to changes in blood chemistry is called:

Back 15

Humoral

Front 16

Hypersecretion of steroid hormones may result in excess fat deposits in the neck and trunk of the body and a moon shaped face. These characteristics are indicative of:

Back 16

Cushing's syndrome

Front 17

What is the difference between the endocrine and exocrine system?

Back 17

Exocrine uses ducts for secretion whereas the endocrine system releases hormones directly

Front 18

This type of stimuli is in direct response to changes in blood chemistry.

Back 18

Humoral

Front 19

This type of stimuli is in response to sympathetic nervous system.

Back 19

Neural stimuli

Front 20

This type of stimuli is in response to other hormones secreted in the body.

Back 20

Hormonal stimuli

Front 21

This organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Back 21

Pancreas

Front 22

This gland is considered the "master" endocrine gland.

Back 22

Pituitary

Front 23

What gland secretes major hormones affecting growth, sexual development, reproduction, and metabolism?

Back 23

Pituitary

Front 24

This gland is located in the cranium, posterior to third ventricle and superior to midbrain and inferior to corpus callosum.

Back 24

Pineal

Front 25

This gland may calcify and become visible on radiographs.

Back 25

Pineal

Front 26

Which gland produces and excretes melatonin?

Back 26

Pineal

Front 27

These glands are lcoated on upper poles of kidneys bilaterally.

Back 27

Adrenal

Front 28

The inner portion of the ________ acts as part of sympathetic nervous system.

Back 28

Adrenal medulla

Front 29

What part of the adrenal gland is responsible for electrolyte balance, cell metabolism and sex hormones?

Back 29

Adrenal cortex

Front 30

What gland is responsible for maintaining normal blood pressure and tissue growth?

Back 30

Pituitary

Front 31

An overweight person may have an __________ thyroid. This is referred to as __________.

Back 31

Underactive, hypothyroidism

Front 32

An underweight person may have an ___________ thyroid. This is referred to as _________.

Back 32

Overactive, hyperthyroidism

Front 33

This gland produces and secrets PTH which controls blood calcium levels.

Back 33

Parathyroid

Front 34

What does PTH do?

Back 34

Stimulates osteclasts and increases calcium absorption in kidneys and bowel

Front 35

Which gland is responsible for stimulating osteclasts and increases calcium absorption in kidneys and bowel?

Back 35

Parathyroid

Front 36

This gland is claimed by the endocrine as well as the lymphatic system.

Back 36

Thymus

Front 37

This gland secretes hormones responsible for stimulation of white blood cell production.

Back 37

Thymus

Front 38

T cell leukocytes mature in this gland.

Back 38

Thymus

Front 39

This gland is significant in establishing immune system.

Back 39

Thymus

Front 40

This gland starts shrinking after puberty.

Back 40

Thymus

Front 41

Where is the pancreas located?

Back 41

Mid abdomen, posterior to stomach

Front 42

This organ functions as both endocrine and exocrine.

Back 42

Pancreas

Front 43

__________ produce glucagon and insulin.

Back 43

Islets of Langerhans

Front 44

What does antagonist mean?

Back 44

Inhibits

Front 45

Insulin is an antagonist to :

Back 45

Glucagon

Front 46

Insulin does what to glucagon?

Back 46

Inhibits the breakdown

Front 47

_________ promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver.

Back 47

Glucagon

Front 48

Glucagon promotes the breakdown of _________ to _________ in the liver.

Back 48

Glycogen to glucose

Front 49

What is the inner portion of the adrenal gland?

Back 49

Adrenal medulla

Front 50

What is the outer portion of the adrenal gland?

Back 50

Adrenal cortex

Front 51

What is another name for the Islets of Langerhans?

Back 51

Pancreatic islets

Front 52

A radiographically visible decrease in density is :

Back 52

Osteopenia

Front 53

___________ is a condition caused by a lack of calcium in the tissues and a failure of bone tissue to calcify.

Back 53

Osteomalacia

Front 54

If osteomalacia occurs before growth plate closure, it is known as:

Back 54

Ricket's

Front 55

__________ is an endocrine disorder caused by a distrubance of the pituitary gland that causes the sella turcica to enlarge.

Back 55

Acromegaly

Front 56

The hypothalamus gets input from the __________ and outputs to the ____________.

Back 56

Thalamus, pituitary

Front 57

This organ is located inferior to the thalamus and just superior to the pituitary.

Back 57

Hypothalamus

Front 58

This organ is responsible for homeostasis in the body.

Back 58

Hypothalamus

Front 59

The ___________ interprets information received by the brain.

Back 59

Thalamus

Front 60

Which modality is very useful in pituitary disorders and gland evaluation?

Back 60

MRI

Front 61

Which modality is very useful in pituitary disorders and gland evaluation?

Back 61

MRI

Front 62

Which modality is useful in thyroid and adrenal diagnosis?

Back 62

Nuclear medicine

Front 63

Osteomalacia can be associated with these diseases.

Back 63

Hepatic disease, chronic pancreatitis, and ileitis

Front 64

This disease results in wideing medullary cavity with thinning cortical margins.

Back 64

Osteoporosis

Front 65

How does osteomalacia occur?

Back 65

From inadequate intake or absorption of calcium, phosphors, or vitamin D or inhibited absoprtion of dietary fats.

Front 66

With this disease, osteoid material replacing bone is porous, bulky and soft.

Back 66

Osteitis deformans (Paget's Disease)

Front 67

Paget's disease is also known as:

Back 67

Osteitis deformans

Front 68

This disease is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormones as an adult causing the bones to become thick and coarse because the epiphyses have closed already.

Back 68

Acromegaly

Front 69

Acromegaly is a _________ disorder affecting the skeletal system.

Back 69

Pituitary

Front 70

Which type of diabetes is neurological in originn or genetic and caused by a deficiency in vasopressin?

Back 70

Central diabetes insipidus

Front 71

What type of diabetes causes polyuria, weight loss and increased thirst?

Back 71

Diabetes insipidus

Front 72

This disorder is caused by a decreased level or absence of pituitary hormones, possibly due to infarct.

Back 72

Hypopituitarism

Front 73

What modalities would be helpful in diagnosing hypopituitarism?

Back 73

CT or MRI along with cerebral angiography

Front 74

This disease is caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids.

Back 74

Cushing's syndrome

Front 75

Cushing's syndrome is a type of :

Back 75

Adrenal gland disorder

Front 76

This disease causes the patient's face to become moon shaped with excess fat deposits in neck and trunk of body.

Back 76

Cushing's syndrome

Front 77

With this disease females have male tendencies due to increased production of androgens.

Back 77

Cushing's syndrome

Front 78

This disease is a primary adrenal insufficiency and usually results from autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex.

Back 78

Addison's disease

Front 79

What is the treatment of Addison's disease?

Back 79

Diet and hormone therapy

Front 80

Elevated ACTH and inadequate corticosteroid synthesis occurs in:

Back 80

Addison's disease

Front 81

What type of diabetes is associated with chronic hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance changing metabolism of carbohyydrates, fats and proteins?

Back 81

Diabetes mellitus

Front 82

What type of diabetes causes autoimmune destruction of pancreatic B cells, producing little or no insulin?

Back 82

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus

Front 83

What type of diabetes causes insulin resistance?

Back 83

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Front 84

What type of diabetes is one of the most common childhood diseases?

Back 84

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Front 85

With which type of diabetes is ketoacidosis a common complication?

Back 85

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Front 86

What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus?

Back 86

Meal planning, exercise, multiple checks of blood glucose and daily insulin injections

Front 87

With which type of diabetes does the risk of development increase with age?

Back 87

diabetes mellitus type 2

Front 88

Which type of diabetes is associated with obesity and inactivity?

Back 88

diabetes mellitus type 2

Front 89

Which type of diabetes occurs as result of altered cellular metabolism?

Back 89

diabetes mellitus type 2

Front 90

What causes hyperthyroidism?

Back 90

Autoimmune disorder

Front 91

In which disease does the body create atibodies countering thyroid TSH receptor causing thyroid to secrete excessive amounts?

Back 91

Hyperthyroidism

Front 92

What type of thyroid disorder is life threatening?

Back 92

Hyperthyroidism

Front 93

What disease is commonly seen in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis?

Back 93

Hypothyroidism

Front 94

What is Hashimoto's disease?

Back 94

Autoimmune thyroiditis

Front 95

What disease could be iatrogenic resulting from treatment of goiter with radioactive iodine therapy or surgery or caused by iodine deficiency?

Back 95

Hypothyroidism

Front 96

In which endocrine disease would you see a slow progression of decreased energy, cold interolerance, personality change and slight weight gain.

Back 96

Hypothyroidism

Front 97

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

Back 97

Synthetic hormone replacement therapy

Front 98

The term hyperparathyroidism refers to:

Back 98

any disorder that disrupts calcium-phosphate ratio in the body resulting in elevated levels of PTH leading to bone destruction

Front 99

Which thyroid disease may result in nephrocalcinosis?

Back 99

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 100

Which thyroid disease may be characterized by small deposits of calcium phosphate dispersed in renal parenchyma?

Back 100

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 101

What is the treatment for hyperparathyroidism?

Back 101

Lower serum calcium levels

Front 102

Which thyroid disease will be indicated by high serum calcium levels?

Back 102

Hyperparathyroidism

Front 103

Hyperthyroidism is most commonly caused by :

Back 103

Grave's disease