Endocrine: Leech - Quizetta I

Front 1

adenoma is most likely to occur in what endocrine organ

Back 1

anterior pituitary

Front 2

size of the tumor is directly related to how much hormone it creates; most common adenoma; much easier to diagnose in women than men

Back 2

Prolactin Adenoma

number one type of hormone secreting - women will have amennorhea

Front 3

giagantism and acromegally are symptoms of this hormone secreting adenoma

Back 3

Growth hormone Adenoma - number 2

anterior pituitary

Front 4

this adenoma cause an increase in cortisol and Cushing's symptoms

Back 4

ACTH secreting Adenoma - number 3 in common

anterior pituitary

Front 5

this adenoma usually occurs in middle aged women and men and they have diplopia, impaired vision, and cephalgia. may px with amennorhea or decrease in testosterone.

Back 5

LH/ FSH secreting adenoma in the anterior pituitary

Front 6

1 percent of secreting adenomas (or adenomas in general?); very rare

Back 6

TSH secreting adenomas

Front 7

this type of adenoma produces the mass affect. how will pt present and what type is it?

Back 7

they will present with lose of CN that are near the sella tursica as well as the blood supply will be affected - vision changes, etc

anterior pituitary

Front 8

machine oil - developed from the remnants of ratke's pouch; most are supracellular

Back 8

craniopharyngioma that causes midline swelling and Tent herniation

ant. pituitary

Front 9

massive hemorrage, shock, DIC, sepsis, can cause this to occur. if there is greater than 75% damage then you get hypopituitarism

Back 9

Ischemic necrosis

Front 10

post- partum necrosis of anterior pituitary

very clinically sign. form of ischemic necrosis - can be due to DIC, sickle cell disease, increased intracranial pressure, traumatic injury, shock

Back 10

Sheehan syndrome

Front 11

occurs due to surgery, radiation, or anything that destroys part of the pituitary.

maybe because of lymphoma, leukemia, or metastatic tumor

Back 11

Empty sella syndrome

Front 12

two types of situations that produce empty sella syndrome

Back 12

1) defect in the diaphragma sellae with the arachnoid mater and csf herniating into the sella
2) mass enlarges the sella then is removed - via surgery or radiation

Front 13

the conditions in the posterior pituitary that produce mass affect:

Back 13

1) pituitary adenoma
2) craniopharyngioma
3) midline hamartoma
4) Langerhans histocytosis
5) Sarcoidosis
6) Meningitis

Front 14

central diabetes insipidus

Back 14

Posterior pituitary hypopituitarism - not enough ADH is secreted

Front 15

presents with precocious puberty due and mass effect

Back 15

midline hamartoma in boys

Front 16

post. pituitary syndrome (2 main ones)

Back 16

1) diabetes insipidus - low levels of ADH
2) inappropriately high levels of ADH

Front 17

most common manifestation of thyroid disease

Back 17

goiter

represents impaired synthesis of thyroid hormone - mostly due to iodine deficiency

Front 18

substance in diffuse goiter

Back 18

enlarged follicles are filled with colloid; no nodularity

Alps, Andes, Himalayas - no iodine, def. in enzyme (genetic), or diet interferes

Front 19

true or false: goiter causes mass effect and its more commonly in adults

Back 19

False - it does produce the mass effect but it is more common in kids

Front 20

goiter that produces the most extreme thyroid enlargement

Back 20

multinodular goiter

long standing goiter

Front 21

can be non toxic or induce thyrotoxicosis and long standing condistion

Back 21

multinodular goiters

Front 22

how will a goiter px?

Back 22

mass affect and occasionally with thyrotoxicosis but hardly ever with hypothyroidism

Front 23

increase in free t3 and t4 caused by hyperfunction of the gland

Back 23

Graves disease

Front 24

increase in free tx and tx caused by excess LEAKAGE of hormone out of a nonhyperactive gland

Back 24

thyrotoxicosis

Front 25

what makes up most of the cases of hyperthyroidism?

Back 25

Graves Disease -85%

Front 26

causes of hyperthyroidism

Back 26

1) graves
2) administration of exogenous hormone
3) hyperfunctoinal multinodular goiter
4) hyperfunctional thyroid adenoma
5) acute/ subacute thyroiditis
6) hyperfunctional thyroid carcinoma
7) choriocarcinoma/ hydatidaform mole
8) struma ovarii

Front 27

hypothyroidism in child

Back 27

cretenism

literally have a defect in hormone synthesis because they live in an endemic area/ iodine deficiency

Front 28

hypothyroidism in adult

Back 28

myxedema

Front 29

cretenism symptoms

Back 29

hypothryoidism

impaired development of the skeletal system and CNS = they are short in stature, course facial features, protruding tonge, wide set eyes, severe mental retardation and sometimes have umbilical hernia

Front 30

myxedema symptoms

Back 30

hypothyroidism in adults

fatigue, apathy, deeping of the voice, mental sluggishness, mimickes depression in early stages, cold intolerant, frequently overweight, decrease in exercise tolerance, shortness of breather, constipation, and decreased sweating, skin is cool and pale

Front 31

anaplastic thryoid ca

Back 31

undifferentiated aggressive, the least occuring of the ca

of course very common in women bc everything else is...

greater than age 60 and poor prognosis with local aggressive growth

Front 32

follicular thyroid carcinoma

Back 32

single nodules more common in women than men 40-50. prognosis depends on capsule, size, vascular invasion

Front 33

medullary thyroid ca

Back 33

sporatic or MEN IIA/IIB subtypes; the sporatic is less aggressive and occurs in 40-50. MEN syndrome occurs in 20-30 and will be with pheochromocytoma.

secrete calcitonin and other products; a neuroendocrine neoplasm

Front 34

papillary thyroid ca

Back 34

most common thyroid ca
presents in 20-30
good prognosis -90% live 20 years after dx
can present with dysphagia, cough, dyspnea if advanced disease

Front 35

number one cause of hyperparathyroidism

Back 35

adenoma

1 of 4 glands is secreting and active while the other three are atrophied

tan, brown on appearance, micro have adiopose cells mixed in

Front 36

causes of hyperparathyroidism

Back 36

1) adenoma
2) primary hyperplasia
3) parathyroid ca

Front 37

pheochromocytoma px

Back 37

HTN***** adult women or male children

adrenal glands

Front 38

cause of addison's disease

Back 38

tumors, infection, that cause the adrenal glands not to be able to secrete their hormones as they should.

adrenal glands

Front 39

causes of hypoparathryoidism

Back 39

SURGICAL - #1
2) congenital absence - Di George
3) autoimmune destructoin
4) familial hypoparathyroidism