Endocrine Hormones - Basics

Front 1

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)


*tropic

Back 1

secreted by: anterior pituitary
target: adrenal cortex
effect: stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol

Front 2

aldosterone

Back 2

secreted by: adrenal cortex
target: kidneys
effect: reabsorption of Na+ and H2O, also loss of K+ or H+

Front 3

androgens

Back 3

secreted by: adrenal cortex
target: gonads (ovaries/testes)
effect: dev. and maint. of primary & 2ndary sex characteristics.

Front 4

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 4

secreted by: posterior pituitary
target: kidney tubules
effect: increases H2O reabsorption

Front 5

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Back 5

secreted by: rt. atrium of heart
target: kidneys
effect: decrease Na+ concentration which decreases blood volume and pressure

Front 6

calcitonin (CT)

Back 6

secreted by: thyroid
target: bone & kidneys
effect: inhibits osteoclasts decreasing Ca2+ concentration which is excreted in the urine

Front 7

cortisol

Back 7

secreted by: adrenal cortex
target: most cells
effect: helps resist stress
**Hyperglycemic regulator- increases blood glucose levels

Front 8

digestive hormones

Back 8

secreted by: intestines
target: GI tract
effect: regulates GI tract

Front 9

epinephrine (E)
(AKA adrenalin)

Back 9

secreted by: adrenal medulla
target: most cells
effect: increases cardiac activity, BP, glycogen breakdown, and release of lipids from adipose
*emergency stress response
**Hyperglycemic regulator- increases blood glucose levels

Front 10

erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 10

secreted by: kidneys
target: bone marrow
effect: stimulates production of red blood cells which increases blood volume

Front 11

estrogens

Back 11

secreted by: ovaries, placenta
target: reproductive system
effect: oogenesis, follicle growth, structure growth, 2ndary sex characteristics

Front 12

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)


*tropic

Back 12

secreted by: anterior pituitary
target: gonads (ovaries/testes)
effect: stimulates gamete production

Front 13

glucagon

Back 13

secreted by: pancreas
target: liver
effect: breakdown of glycogen into glucose from non-carbohydrates, releases glucose into the blood
**Hyperglycemic regulator- increases blood glucose levels

Front 14

growth hormone (GH)

Back 14

secreted by: anterior pituitary
target: most body cells
effect: stimulates body cells to increase in size and divide
**Hyperglycemic regulator- increases blood glucose levels

Front 15

inhibin

Back 15

secreted by: gonads (ovaries/testes)
target:
effect: inhibits gamete production, inhibits release of FSH

Front 16

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)


*tropic

Back 16

secreted by: placenta (baby's)
target: mom's body
effect: tells mom's body that it's there, continues pregnancy
***Pregnancy test hormone

Front 17

insulin

Back 17

secreted by: pancreas
target: most cells
effect:
***HYPOglycemic regulator- the only hormone that decreases blood glucose levels

Front 18

luteinizing hormone (LH)



*tropic

Back 18

secreted by: anterior pituitary
target: gonads (ovaries/testes)
effect: female- stimulates production of est. and prog. causing maturation of follicles and promoting ovulation
male- stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone

Front 19

melatonin

Back 19

secreted by: pineal
target: most cells
effect: influences daily rythems, may inhibit reproductive function, may be an antioxident

Front 20

norepinephrine (NE)

Back 20

secreted by: adrenal medulla
target: most cells
effect: increases cardiac activity, BP, glycogen breakdown, and glucose levels by releasing lipids from adipose
**Hyperglycemic regulator- increases blood glucose levels

Front 21

oxytocin (OT)



*positive feedback

Back 21

secreted by: posterior pituitary
target: mammary and uterus
effect: causes uterine contractions,
RELEASE of milk in mammary glands

Front 22

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 22

secreted by: parathyroid gland
target: bone and kidneys
effect: increases Ca2+ concentration in fluids by STIMULATING osteoclast activity and promoting absorption of Ca2+ and PO43- by the digestive tract

Front 23

progesterone (PROG)

Back 23

secreted by: ovaries, placenta
target: uterus, mammary glands
effect: regulates uterine cycle, accelerates movement of the egg, prepares uterus, prepares mammary glands

Front 24

prolactic (PRL)

Back 24

secreted by: anterior pituitary
target: mammary glands
effect: stimulates the PRODUCTION of milk

Front 25

relaxin

Back 25

secreted by: placenta
target: uterus
effect: permits pelvic expansion, suppresses release of oxytocin from hypothalmus, causes cervical dilation

Front 26

testosterone

Back 26

secreted by: testes
target: reproductive system
effect: stimulates spermatogenesis, muscle growth, development of 2ndary sex characteristics

Front 27

thymosins

Back 27

secreted by: thymus
target: body cells
effect: immune defense by stimulating the development of T-lymphocytes

Front 28

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)


*tropic

Back 28

secreted by: anterior pituitary
target: thyroid
effect: stimulates secretion of T3 and T4

Front 29

thyroxine (T4)

Back 29

secreted by: thyroid
target: body cells
effect: increases basal metabolic rate and heat production

Front 30

triiodothyronine (T3)

Back 30

secreted by: thyroid
target: body cells
effect: increases basal metabolic rate and heat production

Front 31

What are the 6 hyperglycemic hormones and their secreting glands?

Back 31

(T4)thyroxine- thyroid

(GH)growth hor.- ant.pituitary

glucagon- pancreas

cortisol- adrenal cortex

(E)epinephrine-adrenal medulla

(NE)norepinephrine-adrenal medulla

Front 32

to remember the pituitary hormones....
[anterior]God Protects All The Little Fishes
[posterior] And Others

Back 32

GH,PRL,ACTH,TSH,LH,FSH,ADH,OT

Front 33

What are the hormones involved in the emergency stress response and what secretes them?

Back 33

(E)epinephrine
(NE)norepinephrine
secreted by the adrenal medulla