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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does the pituitary gland reside?
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In the Sella Turcica of the Sphenoid Bone.
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What are the two 'origins' of the Pituitary?
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1. Pars Nervosa (neurohpophysis)--a down-growth of the floor of the brain
2. Pars Distalis (adenohypophysis)--epithelial origin (from the mouth) |
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What is Rathke's pouch?
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An 'in-growth' of the mouth to the pituitary. Its upper portion remains as the pars distalis while the rest of it disappears via apoptosis.
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How does blood come to the pituitary?
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Some directly, but much via the hypothalamus (where it picks up releasing factors).
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What is the pars intermedia?
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It is a remnant of the lumenal space of Rathke's pouch in the pituitary.
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What is the pars tuberalis?
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A 'collar-like' portion of the pars distalis. No known function.
Highly vascularized area. |
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What is the pars distalis?
What hormones does it produce? |
It is the major portion of the anterior pituitary.
GH, TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH |
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Growth Hormone:
Stains with? Function? Deficiency? Overabundance? |
Stains with an acid dye.
Stimulates growth and production of virtually every cell type in body. Especially in maintaining growth plate in long bones of younger people Deficiency: Midget Too much: Very tall or pituitary giant or Acromegaly. |
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH):
Produced by? Function? |
Anterior Pituitary (pars distalis).
Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormone when there is a shortage in the body. |
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH):
Produced by? Function? |
Anterior Pituitary (pars distalis).
Important in menstrual cycle. Necessary for oocyte to mature in the ovary. |
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Lutenizing Hormone (LH):
Produced by? Function? |
Anterior Pituitary (pars distalis).
Involved in pregnancy and menstrual cycle. In males it is related to production of testosterone in the testes. |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH):
Produced by? Function? |
Anterior Pituitary (pars distalis).
Controls the adrenal cortex, especially in the production of mineralocorticoids. |
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Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH):
Produced by? Function? |
Anterior Pituitary (pars intermedia).
Not very important in humans (can darken areola of mother post childbirth). Allows amphibians to change color to blend with background. |
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Endorphins:
Produced by? Function? |
Not very clear where they are made.
Similar to morphine--decreases pain. |
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What are Herring Bodies?
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These are accumulations of hormones at axonal ends in the pars nervosa of the pituitary.
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What are pituicytes?
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Probably macrophages in origin. They pick up material and self-stain (brown).
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Anti-diurectic hormone (ADH):
Produced by? Function? Shortage? |
Posterior Pituitary (pars nervosa):
Maintains the permeability of the collecting tubules of the kidneys. Shortage: Enormous amount of urine is produced leading to diabetes insipidus. |
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Oxytocin:
Produced by? Function? |
Posterior Pituitary (pars nervosa).
Smooth muscle contraction. Modulates uterine contraction. Affects myoepithilial cells in mammary glands to help in milk secretion. In males, may play a role in ejaculation. |
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What are the two portions of the adrenal gland?
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1. Medulla
2. Cortex |
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What is the blood supply of the adrenal gland?
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Some directly to the medulla. Some through the capsule of the cortex and then trickles to the medulla.
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What is the embryologic origin of the adrenal gland?
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Medulla comes from what was nervous tissue--neurocrest (ectodermal).
Cortex comes from coelomic mesoderm. |
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What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?
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1. Zona glomerulosa
2. Zona fasciculata 3. Zona reticularis |
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What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produce, primarily?
The zona glomerulosa has a lot of these cellular organelles? |
Mineralocorticoids (including aldosterone, corticosterone).
Without these--> Addison's disease, where you lose sodium very quickly. Lots of SER. |
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Zona fasciculata:
How are cells arranged? A name for these cells? What is produced here? |
In distinct columns.
Cells are sometimes called spongicytes. Glucocorticoids. These are involved in glucose metabolism and gluconeogenesis, as well as having an anti-inflammatory function (used to be used a lot--stunt growth ie Gary Coleman). |
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Zona reticularis:
How are cells arranged? Function? |
Irregular in organization.
May be involved in glucocorticoid production. Also weak androgens (tumor in women may produce facial hair). |
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Adrenal Medulla:
Cells can be stained with? What is produced here? |
Can be stained with chromian salts so they are called chromaffin cells.
One type of cell produces epinephrine. Another type produces norepinephrine. |
