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10 Cards in this Set
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Compare duration/onset of hormones vs. CNS control:
Development of pituitary: tumor from residual tissue of Rathke's pouch: signaling molecules from diencephalon that control development of Rathke's pouch: |
longer duration, slower onset
infundibulum grows from diencephalon --> Rathke's pouch grows from stomodeum; infundibulum descends on dorsal side, forms posterior pituitary; Rathke's forms anterior craniopharyngioma BMP-4, FGF-8 -->lhx3, lhx4) |
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Two hormones stored in post. pituitary:
Major structures of the pituitary: Blood flow through the hypophysis: |
oxytocin, ADH
pars nervosa, pars distalis separated by pars intermedia ICA --> superior hypophyseal a. --> primary capillary plexus --> portal veins --> secondary capillary plexus, which forms from inferior hypophyseal a. |
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What carries neuroendocrine secretions from hypothalamus to pars distalis?
Venous drainage of the pituitary goes where? Somatotrophs secrete what? Stimulated and inhibited by? |
portal system, secondary capillary plexus
cavernous, petrosal sinus somoatotropin, stimulation of hepatocytes for IGF-1; GHRH stimulates, somatostatin, ghrelin inhibits |
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What is pituitary gigantism?
What is acromegaly? normal trunk size, short limbs, large head: hypochondroplasia: |
excessive production of GH beginning in childhood - loss of feedback, or GH-secreting tumor in pituitary (adenoma)
excessive adult production of GH - growth of face, hands, feet, increase in viscera achondroplasia same except normal head |
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lactotrophs secrete what? controlled by what?
Corticotrophs (basophils) produce what? Controlled by what? What cells produce FSH/LH? Effect? |
prolactin - promotes mammary gland development, milk production; PRH stimulates, dopamine inhibits
ACTH, LPH, stimulated by ACTH, role of LPH unknown gonadotrophs GNRH stimulates - FSH - stimulates ovarian follicle development or andro-BP in Sertoli cells; LH - ovulation/testosterone |
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Thyrotrophs:
What are chromophobes? Where is proopiomelanocortin synthesized? |
produce TSH, stimulated by TRH, inhibited by negative feedback
cells w/ no secretory granules, undifferentiated - support chromophils Pars intermedia |
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Neurohypophysis contains what?
Roles of oxytocin and ADH? |
no secretory cells, just axons of secretory neurons from hypothalamus (paraventricular - oxytocin), supraoptic - ADH); stores oxytocin, ADH
oxytocin - stimulates uterine contraction, milk ejection ADH (vasopressin) - decreases urine output, increases kidney tubule permeability |
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Axons in the neurophypophysis end in what?
glial-like cells in pars nevosa: |
Herring bodies - filled with secretory product
pituicytes |
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Nerve connections to the pineal body?
Histologic characteristics of pinealocytes? Calcified concretions in the pineal body are known as: Tumors of the pineal gland are associated with what? |
post-G SNS from SCG
clumps/cords in lobules, most common cell type, neuronal-like cells, large, irregular nuclei brain sand (corpora arenacea) precocious puberty |
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Does light or dark stimulate production of melatonin?
Roles of melatonin? |
dark - light inhibits
responds to cyclic changes in environment, maybe as anti-oxidant in CNS, seasonal affective disorder |
