Endocrine & Hematologic Emergencies

Front 1

ANO System

Back 1

The antigen classification given to blood.

Front 2

Acidosia

Back 2

A pathologic condition resulting from the accumulation of acids in the body.

Front 3

Acute Chest Syndrome

Back 3

A vaso-occlusive crisis that can be associated with pneumonia.

Hint 3

Common signs and symptoms include chest pain, fever, and cough.

Front 4

Aerobic Metabolism

Back 4

Metabolism that can proceed only in the presence of oxygen.

Front 5

Anemia

Back 5

A lower-than-normal hemoglobin or red blood cell level.

Front 6

Aplastic Crisis

Back 6

A condition in which the body stops producing red blood cells.

Hint 6

Typically caused by infection.

Front 7

Calcitonin

Back 7

The hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.

Front 8

Clotting Factors

Back 8

Substances in the blood that are neccesarry for clotting.

Hint 8

Alsp called coagulation factors.

Front 9

Coagulopathy

Back 9

Any type of bleeding disorder that interferes with the activation or continuation of the clotting cascade or hemostasis.

Front 10

Cortisol

Back 10

Hormone that stimulates most body cells to increase their energy production.

Front 11

Diabetes Mellitus

Back 11

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates is impaored due to a lack of insulin.

Front 12

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Back 12

A form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.

Front 13

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Back 13

A condition that begins with widespread activation of the clotting cascade, which depletes the clotting factors and platelets, and eventually results in uncontrolled hemorrhage.

Front 14

Endocrine Glands

Back 14

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are inside the body.

Front 15

Endocrine System

Back 15

Regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis.

Front 16

Endocrine Gland

Back 16

A gland that excreted chemicals for elimination.

Front 17

Gestational Diabetes

Back 17

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy.

Front 18

Glucagon

Back 18

The hormone released from the alpha cells on the islets of Langerhans that converts glycogen to glucose when the body's blood glucose level drops.

Front 19

Gluconeogenesis

Back 19

The production of new glucose through the metabolization of noncarbohydrate sources.

Front 20

Glucose

Back 20

It is the primary fuel, along with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.

Hint 20

One of the basic sugars.

Front 21

Glycogenolysis

Back 21

The process by which glycogen is converted to glucose.

Hint 21

Facilitated by glucagon

Front 22

Glycolysis

Back 22

The conversion of glucose into energy via metabolic pathways.

Front 23

Hematologic Disorder

Back 23

Any disorder of the blood.

Front 24

Hematology

Back 24

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders.

Front 25

Hematopoietic System

Back 25

The system that includes all blood components and the organs involved in their development and production.

Front 26

Hemolytic Crisis

Back 26

A rapid destruction of red blood cells that occurs faster than the body's ability to create new cells.

Front 27

Hemolytic Disorders

Back 27

Disorders relating to the breakdown of rd blood cells.

Front 28

Hemophilia

Back 28

A congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results I uncontrolled bleeding.

Front 29

Hemostasis

Back 29

The body's natural blood clotting mechanism.

Front 30

Hemostasis Disorders

Back 30

Bleeding and clotting abnormalities.

Front 31

Hormone

Back 31

A chemical substance, peoduces by a glans, that regulates the activity of body organs and tissues.

Front 32

Hyperglycemia

Back 32

Abnormally high glucose level in the bloos.

Front 33

Hyperglycemia Crisis

Back 33

Unresponsiveness caused by dehydration, very high blood glucose level, and ketoacidosis.

Front 34

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia Syndrome (HHS)

Back 34

A metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Hint 34

It is characterized by hypwrgkycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis. Also known as hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.

Front 35

Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma (HONK)

Back 35

Condition characterized bff severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and dehydration but no ketoacidosis.

Hint 35

Also called hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic Coma (HHNC) or HONK/HHNC.

Front 36

Hypoglycemia

Back 36

Abnormally low glucose level in the blood.

Front 37

Hypoglycemic Crisis

Back 37

Unresponsiveness or altered mental status in a patient with diabetes caused by significant hypoglycemia.

Hint 37

Usually the result of excessive exercise or activity, failure to eat after a routine dose of insulin, or an inadvertent overdose of insulin.

Front 38

Insulin

Back 38

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (an endocrine gland in the pancreas) that enables sugar in the blood to enter the cells of the body.

Hint 38

Used in synthetic form to test and control diabetes mellitus.

Front 39

Islets of Langerhans

Back 39

Structures found in the pancreas that are composed of four types of cells.

Hint 39

One type, the beta cell, is responsible for the production of insulin.

Front 40

Ketonemia

Back 40

Excess amounts of ketone bodies in the blood.

Front 41

Kussmaul Respirations

Back 41

Deep, rapid breathing.

Hint 41

The result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.

Front 42

Leukocytosis

Back 42

An increase in the total number of white blood cells.

Front 43

Leukopenia

Back 43

A reduction in the number of white blood cells.

Front 44

Lipolysis

Back 44

The metabolism of stored fast that has been released into the circulation.

Front 45

Microangiopathy

Back 45

Microscopic deterioration of vessel walls caused primarily by adherence of blood lipids to vessel walls.

Front 46

Pancreas

Back 46

The digestive gland that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct.

Hint 46

Considered both an endocrine and endocrine gland.

Front 47

Plasma

Back 47

A component of blood made mostly of water, but also electrolytes, clotting factors, and glucose.

Hint 47

Formed elements are transported in this.

Front 48

Platelets

Back 48

Small cells in the blood that are responsible for clot formation.

Hint 48

Also called thrombocytes.

Front 49

Polydipsia

Back 49

Excessive thirst persisting for long periods despite reasonable fluid intake.

Hint 49

Often the result of excessive urination.

Front 50

Polyphagia

Back 50

Excessive eating.

Hint 50

In diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger.

Front 51

Polyuria

Back 51

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period.

Hint 51

In diabetes, this can result from wasting of glucose in the urine.

Front 52

Prediabetes

Back 52

A condition identified in people who have certain risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and exists when blood glucose levels or hemoglobin A1c levels are above normal levels, yet not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.

Front 53

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

Back 53

The formed elements in the blood that contain hemoglobin and are responsible for carrying oxygen to the tissues.

Hint 53

Also called erythrocytes.

Front 54

Sickle Cell Disease

Back 54

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.

Front 55

Splenic Sequestration Crisis

Back 55

An acute, painful enlargement of the spleen caused by sickle cell disease.

Front 56

Stem Cells

Back 56

Cells that can develop into other types of cells in the body.

Front 57

Thrombocytopenia

Back 57

A reduction in the number of platelets.

Front 58

Thrombocytosis

Back 58

A condition in which the body produces too many platelets.

Front 59

Thrombophilia

Back 59

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.

Front 60

Thrombosis

Back 60

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system.

Front 61

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone

Back 61

Hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland.

Front 62

Thyroid Storm

Back 62

A rare, life-threatening condition that may occur in patients with thyrotoxicosis. The condition is usually triggered by a stressful event or increased volume of thyroid hormones in the circulation.

Front 63

Type 1 Diabetes

Back 63

The type of diabetic disease that usually starts in childhood and requires insulin for proper treatment and control.

Front 64

Type 2 Diabetes

Back 64

The type of diabetic disease that usually starts later in life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications.

Front 65

Vaso-occlusive Crisis

Back 65

Ischemia and pain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.

Front 66

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

Back 66

The formed elements in the blood that provide immunity, fight infection, and remove dead cells.

Hint 66

Also called leukocytes.