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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GFR corresponds to what layers of the adrenal cortex
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zona glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata Zona Reticularis |
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Whats the saying to remember what G/F/R produce?
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Salt Sugar Sex
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Salt/Sugar/Sex.... Explain
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Salt- Mineralocorticoids produced in ZG
Sugar - Glucocorticoids, Cortisol, some sex hormones produced in ZF Sex - Sex Hormones ie Androgens produced in ZR |
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Whats going on in the Adrenal Medulla?
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there are preganglionic SNS fibers here, chromaffin cells....producing catecholamines *Epi/NE
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Describe the drainage of the adrenal glands
*hint L&R |
Left adrenal --> Left adrenal vein --> left renal vein ==> IVC
Right Adrenal --> Right adrenal vein ==>IVC *the same as left and right gonadal veins |
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hormones of the anterior pituitary
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FLAT PiG
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, GH |
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Oral Ectoderm?
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Rathke's pouch, tissue that the AP is derived from.
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a-subunit is common/not common to FSH, LH, TSH, hCG
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Common. B- subunit determines the hormone specifically
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Cell types of the Endocrine pancreas and what they make
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alpha- glucagon (peripheral)
B-cells- insulin (inside) delta- somatostatin (interspersed) |
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basic structure of insulin?
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alpha chain, beta chain, cpeptide
alpha and beta are held together by disulfide bonds |
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What organs dont need insulin to uptake glucose
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BRICK-L
Brain, RBC (Glut-1) Intestine Cornea Kidney Liver |
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Glut 2
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B-Islet cells, Liver, Kidney, SI
(these are bi - directional) |
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Glut 4
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Insulin responsive... Adipose/Skeletal
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pathway for signal to make insulin.
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Body knows to make insulin when:
Glucose metab'd --> ATP --> signals to close K channels--> cell depolarization ===>> B-cells make insulin |
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Is insulin required for adipose and skeletal mm to uptake glucose (glut-4) ???
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Yes
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hyperglycemia, GH, Cortisol all:
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INcrease INsulin
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hypoglycemia, somatostatin :
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decrease insulin
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do B-agonists stimulate insulin secretion/release?
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release
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a-agonists stimulate/inhibit insulin secretion?
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a - agonists inhibit insulin secretion
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here is a list of anabolic fx of insulin. Know it. Own it.
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increase gluc txp in skel mm/ adipose
inc glycogen synth/storage inc TG synth/storage inc Na retention (kidneys) inc prot synth (mm) inc cellular K+ and aa uptake |
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what does the brain use if it cant get insulin (starvation)
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ketones *RBC's cant do this
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does insulin cross placenta
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nope
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Prolactin reg:
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HT ----> dopamine - / TRH+ ----->Ant Pit--->PRL(+on HT to make more dopamine which decreases production of itself by AP)
PRL --> - on GnRH --> +on spermatogen/ovulation |
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Hypothalamus releases dopamine on AP. What does this do to Prolactin?
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Tonically inhibits
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what can the HT do to stimulate prolactin production by AP?
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TRH
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When HT releases TRH on AP, what effect does subsequent prolactin have on GnRH
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inhibition. Prolactin inhibits GnRH which at its subsequent lower levels has less positive stimulation on the production of sperm and ovulation.
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what would a dopamine antagonist do to Prolactin levels
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Stimulate prolactin secretion *antispsychotics and estrogen have this effect.
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Prolactin stimulates milk production.
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yep.
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