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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the endocrine system
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Responsible for sending out messages throughout the body by secreting hormones
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Common meds for hypothyroidism
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synthroid, levoxyl-levothyroxine
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what effect does synthroid and levoxyl-levothyroxine on insulin
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they decrease the action of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents
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what effect does synthroid, levoxyl-levothyroxine have on oral anticoagulants, smpathomimetics and antidepressants
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enhances the action of them
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Nursing interventions for hypothyroid
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check meds on currently
monitor weight- see if thyroid med working monitor T3 &T4 see if doses working monitor vs take meds at same time everyday pref in morning EMPTY STOMACH SO THEY CAN GET ABSORBED |
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What are the meds for antithyroid preparations (hyperthyroid)
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Tapazole=methimazole
PTU= propylthiruracil Radioactive Iodine |
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Another treatment for hyperthyroid
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thyroid removal
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what does the adrenal cortex secrete
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mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens
Collectively know as corticosteroids and adrenocortical hormones |
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Funtion of Corticosteroids
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alter normal immune response, suppress inflammation, promote NA+ and h2o rentention, and K+ excretion
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Corticosteroids can be used on a short term basis for?
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Allergies
Acute flare up fo rheumatic or collagen disorders Flare-up of skin conditions asthma post transplant surgery (so body wont reject it) Malignancies Autoimmune disease (body attacks itself) |
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Corticosteroids Side Effects
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hyperglycemia
hypokalemia Na+ adn H20 retention Edema Muscle wasting Osteoporosis Masks s&s of infection Mood swings Fragile sin, bruising Altered fat distribution (buffalo Hump) Increase Ocular pressure or Catacts Hypergylcemia PUD |
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Coriticosteroid Nursing Interventions
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Vital Signs
Electrolytes and BS Monitor I & O (water retention) PMH (for glucoma, dm, mental issues Assess muscle strenght- causes muscle weakness checking bones make sure no osteoporosis (calcium w/ vit D) Take with food- due to PUD TAPER OFF AVOID INFECTIONS MED ALER BRACELET |
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What are some Corticosteroid meds?
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Cortisone
Hydrocortisone dexamethasone+Decadron Methyprednisolone- Solu-medrol Prednisone |
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What is the function of the Panceas
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Regulates blood glucose by secreting insulin and glucagon
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How must insulin be given/
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Parenterally. U 100 is the insulin standard measuring
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How do insulin preparations differ
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mainly by their Onset, Peak and duration
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Which insulin are you able to give IV?
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Regular
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Which Insulin do you use for blood sugar coverage?
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Humalog or Regular
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Which insulin can longer acting Zinc suspensions be mixed with?
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Longer acting zinc suspensions may be mixed with each other and/or regular insulin ONLY
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Rapid Acting Insulin?
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Humalog (lispro)
Onset = 15 min Peak = 1/2- 1.5 hrs Duration- less than 5 hours |
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Short acting?
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Humulin or Novolin R
Onset= 1/2-1 hr Peak 2-3 hours Duration-- 3-6 hours |
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Intermediate acting?
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NPH or Lente
Onset- 2-4 hours Peak 4-12 hours Duration 12-18 hours |
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Long acting?
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Ultralente
Onset- 4-8 hours Peak 6-20 Duration- 20-24 hours |
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Lantus?
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Has continuous peakless action
mimics natural basal insulin secretion given at HS |
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Levemir?
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manmade, long action
Insulin detemir (rDNA origin) Steady 24 hour insulin Given HS |
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What are some of the Oral Hypoglycemic Agents to treat type II DM?
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Sulfonylureas
Meglitinides Biguanides Thiazolidinediones Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Incretin Mimetics |
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Function and side effects of Sulfonylureas?
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Stimulates beta cells to release more insulin (stimulates the pancreas) If mixed with ETOH= Antabuse (will be violently ill)
Watch for sulfa allergies |
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Other Sulfonylureas meds
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Diabinese=Chlorpropamide
Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL+ glipizide Micronase, Diabeta=Glyburide Amaryl |
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Function of Meglitinides
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Stimulates the Pancreas to release more insulin by closing the potassium channels
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When must you give Meglitinides?
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Given up to 30 minutes before meals
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What must you be catious of when giving Melitinides?
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Be aware of Hypoglcyemia
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Another type of meglitinides
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Prandin
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What is the funciton of Biguanides
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Decrease blood sugar levels by decreasing the amount of glucose produced in the liver. Also makes muscle tissue more sensitive to insulin
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Another type of med in the Bifuanides faminly
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Glucophage= metformin
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What is the function of Thiazolidnediones
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Improves sensitivity to insulin
Results in glycemic control without hypoglycemia |
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Other class of Thiazolidnediones
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Avandia
Actos |
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What is the function of Alpha- glucosidase inhibitors.
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Blocks breadown of starches in the intestine.
NEEDS TO BE TAKEN WITH THE FIRST BITE OF A MEAL |
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Other Alph-glucosidase inhibitors?
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Precose
Glyset |
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What are the combo drugs
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Metaglip- glipizide w/ metaformin
Glucovance= glyburide w/ metformin Avandamet= rosiglitazone w/metformin |
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Incretin Mimetics
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Helps increase insulin secretion, but only in the presence of elevated blook sugar levels
Also helps suppress release of glucagon (helps liver with overproduction of sugar) |
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What is Byetts made from?
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Lizard Spit
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What are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism
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Hair Loss, apathy, lethargy, dry coarse scaly skin, intolerance to cold, constipation, muscle aces and weakness, extreme fatigue, thick tongue
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What are the symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
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Intolerance to heat, fine straight hair,bulging eyes, facial flushing,enlarged thyroid, tachycardia, increased systolic bp, weight loss, tremors, diarrhea
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