Endocrine Fat Regulation Obesity

Front 1

Which factor in fat regulation is believed to increase due to increased demand for TG which is signaled by prostaglandins acting as a ligang?

Back 1

PPARgamma2... which will then recruit mesenchymal cell --> adipose…

NOTE: mutation in PPARgamma2 --> obesity

Hint 1

What are the following factors responsible for? PPARgamma2, C/EBP AND ADD1/SREBP1… which one is considered by increased TG and is related to prostaglandins?

Front 2

What can a mutation in PPARgamma2 cause?

Back 2

obesity

Front 3

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): reduces blood glucose and increases insulin's action

Back 3

Adiponectin reduces blood glucose and increases insulin's action

Front 4

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): impairs hepatic insulin action in normal mice

Back 4

Resistin impairs hepatic insulin action in normal mice

Front 5

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Brain effects: decreases appetite

Back 5

Adiponectin's Brain effects: decreases appetite

Front 6

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) 1) induced insulin resistance might result from inhibiting ‘upstream’ steps of insulin signaling and 2) downregulates gene expression of important glucose transporter (GLUT4)

Back 6

TNF -∂ 1) induced insulin resistance might result from inhibiting ‘upstream’ steps of insulin signaling and 2) downregulates gene expression of important glucose transporter (GLUT4)

Front 7

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): has a ratio of 1:2 for HMW:LMW

Back 7

Adiponectin has a ratio of 1:2 for HMW:LMW

Front 8

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): may work via induction of cytokines

Back 8

Resistin may work via induction of cytokines

Front 9

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Regulates CNS control of body weight: 1) decreases food intake, 2) increases energy expenditure

Back 9

Leptin Regulates CNS control of body weight: 1) decreases food intake, 2) increases energy expenditure

Front 10

1. Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): plasma levels are reduced in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but plasma levels are increased by thiazolidinediones

2. Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1):Produced by both adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue, as well as by fibroblasts

Back 10

1. Adiponectin: plasma levels are reduced in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but plasma levels are increased by thiazolidinediones

2. IL-6: Produced by both adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue, as well as by fibroblasts

Front 11

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Positive correlation between insulin resistance and it's levels in lean vs. obese women.

Back 11

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Positive correlation between insulin resistance and it's levels in lean vs. obese women --> IL6

Front 12

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Produced by both adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue, as well as by fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells.... also its levels are raised in obesity

Back 12

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Produced by both adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue, as well as by fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells.... also IL-6 levels are raised in obesity --> IL6

Front 13

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Increases hepatic triglyceride secretion and Potential mechanism of insulin resistance: increased circulating free fatty acids

Back 13

IL-6 increases hepatic triglyceride secretion and Potential mechanism of insulin resistance: increased circulating free fatty acids

Front 14

1. Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Upregulated during adipogenesis and Downregulated by thiazolidinediones

2. Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Potential mechanism of insulin resistance - increased circulating free fatty acids

Back 14

1. Resistin - Upregulated during adipogenesis and Downregulated by thiazolidinediones

2. IL-6 - Potential mechanism of insulin resistance - increased circulating free fatty acids

Front 15

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1):Increases hepatic triglyceride secretion and Potential mechanism of insulin resistance: increased circulating free fatty acids

Back 15

IL-6: Increases hepatic triglyceride secretion and Potential mechanism of insulin resistance: increased circulating free fatty acids

Front 16

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): (1) is produced by adipocytes, as well as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes. (2) levels are increased in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. (3) Increased levels are associated with: decreased fibrinolysis, enhanced clot progression and increased risk of coronary artery disease.

2. Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Visceral adipose tissue > S/C tissue

Back 16

1. PAI-1: (1) is produced by adipocytes, as well as endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and hepatocytes. (2) levels are increased in obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. (3) Increased levels are associated with: decreased fibrinolysis, enhanced clot progression and increased risk of coronary artery disease.

2. IL-6 - Visceral adipose tissue > S/C tissue

Front 17

Select for the following for the given statement: (Resistin, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-6, TNF-∂, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1): Produced by both adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue, as well as by fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells

Back 17

IL-6 is produced by both adipocytes and stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue, as well as by fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells

Front 18

Give the equation for FFM.

Back 18

Fat Free Mass = total mass - fat mass

Front 19

What is the resting metabolic rate based on?

Back 19

Fat free mass

Front 20

T/F energy expenditure is based on FFM.

Back 20

False… energy expenditure is related total body mass

Front 21

Why is it that as Fat Mass increases, so does circulating Leptin?

Back 21

Why is it that as Fat Mass increases, so does circulating Leptin? Leptin signal for decrease appetite… thus as fat mass increases more leptin is needed set the hunger set point

Front 22

Match the following factors (Leptin, Insulin, Ghrelin, GABA, ∂MSH, AgRP, NPY) to their location of action and indicate the effect (+/-): (POMC NEURON of Hypothalamus, NPY/AgRP Neuron of the hypothalamus, MC4-® of paraventricular nucleus, Y-® of the paraventricular nucleus).

Back 22

Leptin and Insulin are both (+) at the POMC neuron and (-) at the NPY/AgRP neuron… Ghrelin is (+) at eh NPY/AgRP neuron… NYP is negative at NPY/AgRP, and POMC Neuron and (+) at the Paraventricular nucleus… ∂MSH is (+) at the MC4-®… AgRP blocks the MC4-®... GABA (-) at the POMC neuron... POMC is anorexic... and NPY is hunger

Front 23

What may explain why leptin injections have not been useful as Rx in obesity?

Back 23

Obesity leads to Leptin resistance

Front 24

How does obesity lead to CAD?

Back 24

Obesity --> DM + hyperlipidemia + HTN --> CAD

Front 25

T/F obesity is related to cancers, breast, colon and uterine.

Back 25

TRUE