Endocrine Emergencies

Front 1

The endocrine system directly or indirectly influences almost what?

Back 1

every cell, organ, and function of the body.

Front 2

Patents with an endocrine disorder often have a broad range of ________ and _________, necessitating a thorough assessment and immediate treatment to avert life-threatening emergencies.

Back 2

signs and symptoms

Front 3

The endocrine system comprises a network of __________ that produce and secrete hormones.

Back 3

glands

Front 4

The main function of the endocrine system and its hormonal messengers is to do what?

Back 4

maintain homeostasis and promote permanent structural changes

Front 5

hormones travel through the bloodstream to do what?

Back 5

target tissues

Front 6

The major components of the endocrine system are the _______________________, __________ ________, ____________, thyroid, thymus, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and reproductive organs (gonads).

Back 6

hypothalamus
pineal gland
pituitary

Front 7

what are the 9 major components of the endocrine system ?

Back 7

1. hypothalamus
2. pineal gland
3. pituitary
4. thyroid
5. thymus
6. parathyroid
7. adrenals
8. pancreas and
9. reproductive organs

Front 8

The hypothalamus is the primary link between what 2 systems? .

Back 8

endocrine system and the nervous system

Front 9

The __________ __________ synthesizes and secretes melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep/wake patterns.

Back 9

pineal gland

Front 10

what is the pituitary gland often referred to as?

Back 10

“master gland” because its secretions control, or regulate, the activity of other endocrine glands.

Front 11

The thyroid secretes ____________________ , the body’s major metabolic hormone, in order to stimulate energy production in cells, increasing the rate at which cells consume oxygen and use carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The thyroid gland also secretes calcitonin, which helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.

Back 11

thyroxine

Front 12

This gland helps the immune system identify and destroy pathogens, disease-causing pathogens, and various pathogenic processes, such as cancer. What gland is it?

Back 12

Thymus gland

Front 13

what are the 3 types of T cells evolved from stem cells in the thyjmus?

Back 13

Killer T Cells
helper T cells, and
suppressor T cells

Front 14

What glands helps regulate blood calcium levels by secreting parathyroid hormone, a hormone that directs specialized cells to dissolve bone, thereby releasing calcium.

Back 14

The parathyroid gland

Front 15

The adrenal glands, paired triangular structures located atop the kidneys, consist of what?

Back 15

an outer covering, or cortex, and an inner portion, the medulla.

Front 16

These adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate the body’s metabolism, its balance of __________ , _________, the ______________ _______ AND the _________ __________.

Back 16

salt
water
immune system
sexual functions

Front 17

Adrenal hormones also help the body cope with what?

Back 17

physical and emotional stress by increasing the pulse, respiratory rate, and blood pressure

Front 18

what secretes digestive enzymes as well as the hormones glucagon and insulin, which are responsible for the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Back 18

The pancreas

Front 19

Define: GONADS

Back 19

the testes in men and the ovaries in women—are the main source of sex hormones.

Front 20

where are the testes located?

Back 20

The testes are located in the scrotum and produce hormones called androgens.

Front 21

what is the most important androgen in men?

Back 21

testosterone

Front 22

What does testosterone regulate?

Back 22

sexual development during puberty, including growth spurts, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and pubic hair, and muscle growth and strength.

Front 23

What do the ovaries release and secrete the hormones estrogen and progesterone?

Back 23

ova (eggs).

Front 24

These hormones regulate what?

Back 24

sexual development in women and also assist in regulating the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

Front 25

What is Diabetes?

Back 25

a metabolic disorder in which the body’s ability to metabolize glucose is impaired.

Front 26

Diabetes is characterized by the passage of large quantities of urine containing what?

Back 26

glucose, significant thirst, and deterioration of body function.

Front 27

what type diabetes that most patients do not produce insulin. They require daily injections of supplemental synthetic insulin throughout their lives to control blood glucose levels

Back 27

type 1 diabetes

Front 28

In checking vital signs, what 3 signs should be alerted for ?

Back 28

for signs of increased intracranial pressure, unusual breathing patterns, and pararespiratory motions.

Front 29

management of an endocrine emergency may require what 4 steps ?

Back 29

intubation,
administration of supplemental oxygen,
infusion of dextrose,
or other measures.

Front 30

In type 1 diabetes, the ________ _______ in the islets of Langerhans have been destroyed and no longer produce insulin.

Back 30

beta cells

Front 31

Type 1 diabetes mellitus requires close monitoring of what?

Back 31

blood glucose and at least daily administration of insulin by injection or pump

Front 32

what is the most common form of diabetes ?

Back 32

is type 2 diabetes (formerly called “adult-onset diabetes”), in which the blood glucose level is elevated.

Front 33

what is Hypoglycemia?

Back 33

Hypoglycemia in a person with insulin-dependent diabetes is often the result of having taken too much insulin, eaten too little food, or both.

Front 34

Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level) is one of the classic symptoms of what?

Back 34

diabetes mellitus

Front 35

what are the common early signs of diabetes?

Back 35

frequent and excessive thirst accompanied by frequent and excessive urination

Front 36

If left untreated, hyperglycemia progresses to the life-threatening condition known what? .

Back 36

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA occurs when certain acids accumulate in the body because insulin is not available

Front 37

Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma/hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HONK/HHNC) what?

Back 37

is a metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with type 2 diabetes. This condition is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis.

Front 38

when does gestational diabetes usually manifest?

Back 38

usually In late pregnancy

Front 39

Adrenal insufficiency is characterized by underproduction of ________________ and _______________ , which leads to weakness, dehydration, and the body’s inability to maintain adequate blood pressure or to properly respond to stress.

Back 39

cortisol and aldosterone

Front 40

Primary adrenal insufficiency (also known as Addison disease) is caused by what?

Back 40

atrophy or destruction of both adrenal glands, leading to deficiency of all the steroid hormones produced by these glands.

Front 41

Secondary adrenal insufficiency is defined as what?

Back 41

a lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from the pituitary gland.

Front 42

Acute adrenal insufficiency is referred to as what?

Back 42

an addisonian crisis, which may result from an acute exacerbation of chronic insufficiency, usually brought on by a period of stress, trauma, surgery, or severe infection.

Front 43

Cushing syndrome is caused by an excess of cortisol production by the _______________ ________or by excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) hormones.

Back 43

adrenal glands

Front 44

TRUE OR FALSE?

Pheochromocytoma is generally a malignant tumor of the adrenal gland, usually in the medulla, that causes excessive release of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 44

FALSE

Non- malignant

Front 45

TRUE OR FALSE?

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a condition of the adrenal gland in which there is way too much production of cortisol and aldosterone.

Back 45

FALSE

NOT ENOUGH production of cortisol & aldosterone

Front 46

what type of Hormones are critical for cell metabolism and organ function.

Back 46

Thyroiod hormones

Front 47

Graves disease is the most severe and common cause of
what?

Back 47

hyperthyroidism.

Front 48

The disease can produce
________________,
__________________ and
___________ ___________.

Back 48

goiter
exophthalmos and
pretibial myxedema

Front 49

Hashimoto disease, another cause of hyperthyroidism, is an autoimmune disease in which is enlarged as a result of what?

Back 49

result of the infiltration of T lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Front 50

Symptoms of hypothyroidism include what?

Back 50

feeling fatigued
feeling cold,
gaining weight,
having dry skin, and
being sleepy.

Front 51

Continued decrease of thyroid hormone levels may lead to what?

Back 51

myxedema coma.

Front 52

Myxedema coma is what?

Back 52

a condition in which a general slowing of the body’s metabolic processes occurs in the setting of reduced or absent thyroid hormone.

Front 53

Thyrotoxicosis is a toxic condition caused by excessive levels of __________ ___________ ____________.

Back 53

circulating thyroid hormone.

Front 54

A thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening condition that may occur in patients with what?

Back 54

thyrotoxicosis.

Front 55

In hyperparathyroidism, blood calcium levels increase, resulting in what?

Back 55

hypercalcemia and decreased phosphate blood levels.

Front 56

addisonian crisis is what? Acute adrenal insuffi ciency.

Back 56

Acute adrenal insufficiency.

Front 57

The outer layer of the adrenal gland; it produces hormones that are important in regulating the water and salt balance of the body. what is this?

Back 57

adrenal cortex

Front 58

adrenal glands: what is this?

Back 58

Paired endocrine glands located on top of the kidneys that release adrenalin when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system; each adrenal gland consists of an inner adrenal medulla and an adrenal cortex.

Front 59

adrenal medulla is what?

Back 59

The inner part of the adrenal glands that produces catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine).

Front 60

what does ACTH stand for?

Back 60

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Front 61

What is ACTH?

Back 61

Hormone that targets the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol (a glucocorticoid).

Front 62

TRUE OR FALSE?

Agonist is a substance that mimics the actions of a specific neurotransmitter or hormone by binding to the specific receptor of the naturally occurring substance; triggers a response, producing some kind of action or biologic effect.

Back 62

true

Front 63

One of the two main hormones responsible for adjustments to the final composition of urine; increases the rate of active reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions into the blood and decreases reabsorption of potassium. WHICH HORMONE IS THIS?

Back 63

aldosterone

Front 64

Androgens are male sex hormones mostly produced by the testicular interstitial cells, and which regulate what?

Back 64

The body changes associated with sexual development (puberty), including growth spurts, deepening of the voice, growth of facial and pubic hair, and muscle growth and strength.

Front 65

Antagonist is a molecule that blocks what?

Back 65

the ability of a given chemical to bind to its receptor, preventing a biologic response.

Front 66

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland, this hormone
constricts __________ ________ and raises the blood pressure.

Back 66

blood vessels

Front 67

Calcitonin are the hormone secreted by what gland?

Back 67

thyroid

Front 68

What does the thyroid gland help?

Back 68

gland that helps maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.

Front 69

The hormones that are produced by the adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that assist the body in coping with physical and emotional stress by increasing the heart and respiratory rates and the blood pressure is called what?

Back 69

catecholamines

Front 70

what does CAH stand for?

Back 70

congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Front 71

what is CAH?

Back 71

Inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal gland.

Front 72

Corticosteroids are hormones secreted by what gland?

Back 72

adrenal gland

Front 73

The Adrenal gland regulates what?

Back 73

the body’s metabolism, the balance of salt and water in the body, the immune system, and sexual function.

Front 74

Cortisol is a hormone of the middle adrenal cortex that influences ___________ and _____ ____________and stimulates glucose to be synthesized from noncarbohydrates; stimulates most body cells to increase their energy production.

Back 74

protein and fat metabolism

Front 75

what is CUSHING SYNDROME?

Back 75

A condition caused by an excess of cortisol production by the adrenal glands or by excessive use of cortisol or other similar corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) hormones.

Front 76

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugar) is impaired due to lack of insulin or failure of the cells to use insulin properly is called what?

Back 76

diabetes mellitus

Front 77

what does DKA stand for?

Back 77

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Front 78

what is DKA?

Back 78

A form of acidosis in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.

Front 79

An excessive level of lipids (fats) circulating in the blood, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease is called what?

Back 79

dyslipidemia

Front 80

true or false?

Endocrine glands are glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body; these lack ducts and release hormones directly into the surrounding tissue and blood.

Back 80

true

Front 81

__________________ are hormones released from the ovaries that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle.

Back 81

estrogen

Front 82

Epinephrine is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla that has a vital role in the function of the sympathetic of the __________ __________

Back 82

nervous system.

Front 83

exocrine glands are glands that excrete ____________ _____ _______________

Back 83

chemicals for elimination.

Front 84

Exophthalmos is the __________________ of the eyes from the normal position within the socket.

Back 84

protrusion

Front 85

what is gestational diabetes ?

Back 85

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy.

Front 86

__________________ are cells or organs that selectively remove, concentrate, or alter materials in the blood and then secrete them back into the body.

Back 86

glands

Front 87

Glucagon are hormones produced by the__________ that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level.

Back 87

pancreas

Front 88

Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of what?

Back 88

glycogen to glucose.

Front 89

_______________ is a visible mass in the anterior part of the neck caused by enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Back 89

Goiter

Front 90

Gonads are what?

Back 90

The reproductive glands; the main source of sex hormones.

Front 91

what is Graves disease?

Back 91

An autoimmune disorder that causes thyroid gland hypertrophy and severe hyperthyroidism.

Front 92

_____________ ___________ is a type of hyperthyroidism in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged as it is
infiltrated by T lymphocytes and plasma cells.

Back 92

Hashimoto disease

Front 93

A type of T lymphocyte that is involved in both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses; these secrete cytokines that stimulate the B cells and other T cells. what is this called?

Back 93

helper T cells

Front 94

TRUE OR FALSE?

Homeostasis is a tendency to constancy or stability in the body’s internal environment.

Back 94

TRUE

Front 95

____________________ are substances formed in specialized organs or glands and carried to another organ or group of cells in the same organism; regulate many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature.

Back 95

hormones

Front 96

true or false?

Hyperglycemia is normally high blood glucose level.

Back 96

False

Abnormally high

Front 97

what does HHNC stand for?

Back 97

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC)

Front 98

HHNC is also known as

Back 98

hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK

Front 99

HHNC is a metabolic derangement that occurs principally in patients with________ ___ __________

Back 99

type 2 diabetes.

Front 100

what does HONK stand for?

Back 100

hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)

Front 101

Hypoglycemia is ________________________ low blood glucose level caused by too much insulin or too little glucose.

Back 101

abnormally

Front 102

Hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that is the primary link between the ____________ system and the _____________ system contains several control centers for emotions and body functions, including pulse rate, digestion, sexual development, temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and the sleep-wake cycle.

Back 102

Endocrine system

Nervous system

Front 103

what does IEM stand for?

Back 103

inborn errors of metabolism (IEM)

Front 104

what is EIM?

Back 104

A group of congenital conditions that cause either accumulation of toxins or disorders of energy metabolism in the neonate.

Front 105

what is the definition of INSULIN?

Back 105

Hormone produced by the pancreas that is vital to the control of the body’s metabolism and blood glucose level. Insulin causes sugar, fatty acids, and amino acids to be taken up and metabolized by cells.

Front 106

insulin resistance is a condition in which the pancreas produces enough _________but the body cannot effectively use it.

Back 106

insulin

Front 107

iodine is an essential element in the diet and an important component of ___________ .

Back 107

Thyroxine

Front 108

Without the proper level of ___________ intake, thyroxine cannot be produced, and physical and mental growth are diminished

Back 108

Iodine

Front 109

what is ISCHEMIA?

Back 109

Tissue anoxia from diminished blood flow to tissue, usually caused by narrowing or occlusion of the artery.

Front 110

___________ ____ _________ are specialized group of cells in the pancreas where insulin and glucagon are produced.

Back 110

islets of Langerhans

Front 111

killer T cells are ____________ __ __________ that attack and phagocytize antigens in order to halt their reproduction.

Back 111

Cytotoxic T cells

Front 112

The metabolism (breakdown or destruction) of stored fat that has been released into the circulation. what is this called?

Back 112

Lipolysis

Front 113

A hormone released by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the process of ovulation. what is this hormone called?

Back 113

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 114

Lymphokines are __________________ released by lymphocytes, including many of the interleukins, gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor beta, and chemokines.

Back 114

Cytokines

Front 115

TRUE OR FALSE?

Lymphocytes are the red blood cells responsible for a large part of the body’s immune protection.

Back 115

False

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

Front 116

Microscopic deterioration of vessel walls caused primarily by adherence of blood lipids to vessel walls.
What is this called?

Back 116

microangiopathy

Front 117

what kind of coma is a rare condition that can occur in patients who have severe, untreated hypothyroidism.

Back 117

myxedema coma

Front 118

Necrosis is the death of what?

Back 118

tissue

Front 119

A neurotransmitter and drug sometimes used in the treatment of shock; produces vasoconstriction through its alpha-stimulator properties. what is this called?

Back 119

norepinephrine

Front 120

ovary is a female gland that produces ______ ___________ and ova (eggs).

Back 120

sex hormones

Front 121

A flat, solid organ that lies below the liver and the stomach, and which is a digestive gland that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct; considered both an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland. what is this organ ?

Back 121

pancreas

Front 122

Panhypopituitarism is what?

Back 122

The inadequate production or absence of the pituitary hormones, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, thyroxine, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, testoster- one, growth hormone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Front 123

what does PTH stand for?

Back 123

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Front 124

What is PTH?

Back 124

Hormone produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands; it maintains normal levels of calcium in the blood and normal neuromuscular function.

Front 125

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the ________ ________, usually in the medulla, that causes excessive release of the hormones ________________ and ______________________.

Back 125

adrenal gland

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 126

What gland in the brain synthesizes and secretes melatonin, a hormone that affects patterns of sleep and wakefulness.

Back 126

pineal gland

Front 127

Pituitary gland is an endocrine gland whose secretions control, or regulate, the secretions of other endocrine glands; often called the “master gland”; also called the _________________________.

Back 127

hypophysis.

Front 128

true or false ?

Pretibial myxedema is an “orange peel” appearance and nonpitting edema of the skin on the anterior part of the arm below the elbow.

Back 128

False

part of the LEG below the KNEE

Front 129

Primary adrenal insufficiency is also known as what?

Back 129

Addison disease.

Front 130

what is Addison's disease?

Back 130

A rare condition in which the adrenal glands produce an insufficient amount of adrenal hormones.

Front 131

A hormone released from the ovaries that stimulates the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle. what is this called?

Back 131

progesterone

Front 132

Secondary adrenal insufficiency is a common condition characterized by a lack of _____________ ___________ secretion from the pituitary gland.

Back 132

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Front 133

what is a sine wave ?

Back 133

An unusual waveform that has a repetitive, uniform seesaw pattern, representing an alternating current; also known as a sinusoidal waveform .

Front 134

A hormone that helps to regulate the endocrine system and has a wide range of effects throughout the body, including inhibiting insulin and glucagon secretion by the pancreas is called what?

Back 134

somatostatin

Front 135

Suppressor T cells are ______________________ that modulate the immune response to avoid injury to body systems.

Back 135

Lymphocytes

Front 136

what is "target tissues"?

Back 136

Tissues on which hormones are directed to act.

Front 137

Testes are the male reproductive organs that produce what?

Back 137

sperm and secrete male hormones; also called testicles.

Front 138

What gland that helps the immune system identify and destroy components foreign to the body?

Back 138

thymus gland

Front 139

what is a thyroid gland?

Back 139

Large gland located at the base of the neck that
produces and excretes hormones that influence growth, development, and metabolism.

Front 140

what is " thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) "?

Back 140

Hormone that controls the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland.

Front 141

thyroid storm is a rare, life-threatening condition that may occur in patients with what?

Back 141

thyrotoxicosis

Front 142

Thyroid storm: This condition is usually triggered by what?

Back 142

by a stressful event or increased volume of thyroid hormones in the circulation.

Front 143

Thyrotoxicosis is what?

Back 143

A toxic condition caused by excessive levels of circulating thyroid hormone.

Front 144

what is the body’s major metabolic hormone? .

Back 144

thyroxine

Front 145

Thyroxine stimulates energy production in cells, which increases the rate at which the cells consume oxygen and uses _______________, _______, and ____________.

Back 145

carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Front 146

true or false?

Type 1 diabetes is the of diabetic disease that usually starts in childhood and requires daily injections of supplemental synthetic insulin to control blood glucose; some- times called juvenile diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes .

Back 146

true

Front 147

what is type 2 diabetes?

Back 147

The type of diabetic disease that usually starts in later life and often can be controlled through diet and oral medications; sometimes called adult-onset diabetes.

Front 148

match the meaning to the word:

A TOXIC CONDITION CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE LEVELS OF CIRCULATING THYROID HORMONE:

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 148

E

Front 149

match the meaning to the word:

HORMONE THAT TARGETS THE ADRENAL CORTEX TO SECRETE CORTISOL :

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 149

B

Front 150

match the meaning to the word:

HORMONE THAT STIMULATES THE KIDNEY TO REABSORB SODIUM FROM THE URINE AND SECRETE POTASSIUM BY ALTERING THE OSMOTIC GRADIENT IN THE BLOOD

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 150

D

Front 151

match the meaning to the word:

A FORM OF ACIDOSIS IN UNCONTROLLED DIABETES IN WHICH CERTAIN AIDS ACCUMULATE WHEN INSULIN IS NOT AVAILABLE.

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 151

G

Front 152

match the meaning to the word:

A hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary lobe of the pituitary gland that constricts bloood vessels and raises blood pressure: also called vasopressin:

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 152

F

Front 153

match the meaning to the word:

A SMALL REGION OF THE BRAIN THAT CONTAINS SEVERAL CONTROL CENTERS FOR THE BODY FUNCTIONS AND EMOTION. IT IS THE PRIMARY LINK BETWEEN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM::

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 153

A

Front 154

match the meaning to the word:

ALSO KNOWN AS HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC NONKETOTIC COMA:

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 154

C

Front 155

match the meaning to the word:

HORMONES PRODUCED BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA THAT ASSIST THE BODY IN COPING WITH PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL STRESS BY INCREASING THE PULSE & RESPIRATORY RATES & THE BLOOD PRESSURE:

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 155

N

Front 156

match the meaning to the word:

FEMALE GONADS; THEY RELEASE EGGS & SECRETE THE FEMALE HORMONES:

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 156

K

Front 157

match the meaning to the word:

A HORMONE SECRETED BY THE PARATHYROIDS THAT ACTS AS AN ATNAGONIST TO CALCITONIN; SECRETE WHEN CALICIUM BLOOD LEVELS ARE LOW:

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 157

M

Front 158

match the meaning to the word:

AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT IN THE DIET AND AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THYROXINE. WITHOUT THE PROPER LEVEL OF INTAKE, THYROXINE CANNOT BE PRODUCED, AND PHYSICAL AND MENTAL GROWTH ARE DIMINISHED.

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 158

I

Front 159

match the meaning to the word:

A RARE CONDITION THAT CAN OCCUR IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE SEVERE, UNTREATED HYPOTHYROIDISM.

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 159

H

Front 160

match the meaning to the word:

THE HORMONE SECRETED BY THE THYROID GLAND THAT HELPS MAINTAIN NORMAL CALCIUM LEVELS IN THE BLOOD.

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 160

L

Front 161

match the meaning to the word:

ONE OF THE THREE MAJOR FEMALE HORMONES

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 161

J

Front 162

match the meaning to the word:

LARGE GLANDS LOCATED AT THE BASE OF THE NECK THAT PRODUCES AND SECRETES HORMONES THAT INFLUENCES GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND METABOLISM.

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 162

R

Front 163

match the meaning to the word:

TISSUE ON WHICH HORMONES ARE DIRECTED TO ACT.

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 163

P

Front 164

match the meaning to the word:

THE MOST IMPORTANT ANDROGEN IN MEN.

a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 164

O

Front 165

match the meaning to the word:

A TENDENCY TO CONSTANCY OR STABILITY IN THE BODY'S INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.


a. Hypothalamus
b. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
c. Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HONK)
d. Aldosterone
e. Thyrotoxicosis
f. Antiduiretic hormone
g. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
h. Myxedema coma
i Iodine
j. Progesterone
k. Ovaries
l. Calcitonin
m. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
n. Catecholamines
o. Testosterone
p. Target tissue
q. Homeostatis
r. Thyroid

Back 165

Q

Front 166

___________ ____________ IS A METABOLIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCY. IF NOT DIAGNOSED AND TREATED IMMEDIATELY, THE MORTALITY RATE IS APPROXIMATELY 50%.

Back 166

Myxedema coma

Front 167

the anterior pituitary gland secretes _________-__________ ______________ in response to secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormones by the hypothalamus.

Back 167

THYROID--STIMULATING HORMONE

Front 168

aldosterone regulates and maintains the ____________ and __________ balance in the blood.

Back 168

SALT ; POTASSIUM

Front 169

the goals of prehospital treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis are to begin _________________ and to correct the patient's ______________ and acid- base abnormalities.

Back 169

DEHYDRATION
ELECTROLYTE

Front 170

diabetics are no immune to _________ ________, stroke, ___________, meningitis, and other _____________ injuries or conditions.

Back 170

HEAD INJURY
SEIZURES
TRAUMATIC

Front 171

symptoms of type 2 diabetes may include __________, ___________, nausea, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss blurred vision, unresponsiveness, and ______________.

Back 171

FATIGUE
SEIZURE
THIRST

Front 172

the endocrine componets is made up of the _____________ __________ _____________. These cell groups in the pancreas acts like" an organ within an organ" The main hormones they secrete- _______________ and ______________ are responsible for the regulation of blood glucose levels.

Back 172

ISLET OF LANGERHANS
GLUCAGON
INSULIN

Front 173

the pituitary gland is often referred to as the ___________ __________ because its secretions control, or regulate, the secretion of other ____________ glands.

Back 173

MASTER GLAND
ENDOCRINE

Front 174

Hormones operate in ______________ ___________ to maintain an optimal internal operating environment in the body. Endocrine regulation through __________ ____________, is the most important method of which hormonal secretion is maintained within. a physiologic range.

Back 174

FEEDBACK SYSTEMS
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Front 175

two forms of diabetes exist: _______ ____ and
________ ____ . Both types are serious condition that affect many tissues and function other than the glucose-regulating mechanism, and both require lifelong ____________________ _______________________.

Back 175

TYPE 1
TYPE 2
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT