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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Insulin IND
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Type 1, some Type II diabetics
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Insulin Types:
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Short Duration: RAPID ACTING
ex. insulin lispro/Humalog, insulin aspart/Novolog Short Duration: SLOWER ACTING ex. regular insulin/ Humalin R, Novolin R |
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Humalog/Novolog Decription
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given 5-10 mins before eating or with meal-sq. Effects last 3-5 hrs, given at every meal, combined with intermediate acting for long-term control.
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Humalin R, Novolin R Description
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given 30 min before meal. Effects last 6-10 hours, combined w/ intermediate acting. Given sq, inhalation (exubra), infusion pump IV
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Intermediate Acting Insulin Description/Function
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ex. NPH
Used to control blood sugar btwn meals/during night. Injected 2x/daily, can be mixed w/ short duration insulins. Usually given at b-fast and dinner, duration 16-24 hrs. |
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Long acting Insulin Drug Name/Description
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Lantus
given once a day at bedtime. Duration 24 hours. SQ only, can't be mixed. |
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Insulin dosing: Conventional schedule
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2 injections, one at bfast and one at dinner. Both doses contain short-acting insulin & intermediate insulin. Mix in one syringe or used pre-mixed solution--> 70/30(70% NPH, 30% Regular Insulin)
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Insulin dosing: Intensive conventional schedule ("brittle diabetes")
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4 injections/day. Short-acting insulin before every meal and long acting at bedtime.
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Insulin AE
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hypoglycemia
lipodystrophy |
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Insulin DI
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hypoglycemic agents (alcohol)
hyperglycemic agents beta blockers |
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Insulin Nursing Considerations
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T/L re: use of insulin, administration, storage
T/L re: check blood sugars, S&S of hypo/hyerglycemia |
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Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) IND
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Type II diabetics. Taken po
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OHAs: Types
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Sulfonylureas:
Orinase Biguanide: Metformin/Glucophage: Giltazones: Avandia |
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Orinase MOA
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stimulates release of insulin, given before meals-->2x/day
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Orinase AE
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hypoglycemia
teratogenic |
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Orinase DI
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alcohol
beta blockers |
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Glucophage MOA
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lowers blood sugar by dec production of glucose by liver, suppresses gluconeogensis. Also inc glucose uptake by muscles.
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Glucophage AE
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GI
lactic acidosis |
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Glucophage DI
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alcohol
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Avandia: MOA
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reduces insulin resistance by inc target cells response to insulin. Taken with glucophage and/or sulfonylurea.
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Avandia: AE
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well tolerated except does cause slight inc in fluid retention.
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Avandia: DI
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insulin
gemfibrozil/Lopid |
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Levothyroxine(T4) MOA:
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synthetic prep of thyroxine--T4. Taken po once a day.
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T4 IND:
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all form of hypothyroidism
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T4 AE
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rare at therapeutic levels
toxic levels: extreme hyperthyroidism-- thyrotoxicosis |
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T4 DI
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iron, calcium supplements
warfarin dilantin, rifampin, phenobarbital coumadin--incr effects of coumadin by blocking vitamin K dependent clotting factors |
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PTU MOA
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inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis, inhibits an enzyme, perioxidase. Suppresses conversion of T4 to T3.
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PTU IND
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Graves disease
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PTU AE
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Hypothyroidism
agranulocytosis |
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Iodotope MOA
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destroys thyroid tissue by emission of beta particles
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Iodotope IND
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Graves, alternative to surgery
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Iodotope AE
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hypothyroidsim
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Somatropin MOA
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form of GH. given SQ or IM
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Somatropin IND
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pediatric GH deficiency
pediatric non-GH deficient short stature adults: wasting in AIDS px |
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Somatropin AE
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hyperglycemia
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Somatropin DI
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glucocorticoids
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Sandostatin MOA
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mimics actions of somatostatin on pituitary and suppresses GH release
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Sandostatin IND
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acromegaly
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Sandostatin AE
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nausea, diarrhea, flatulence
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Desmopressin MOA
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structural analog of natural ADH. Promotes renal conservation of water. Administered po or by nasal spray.
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Desmopressin AE
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water intoxication
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Hydrocortisone MOA
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synthetic steroid similar to cortisol
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Hydrocortisone IND
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Addison's disease and all forms of adrenocortical insufficiency (po)
adrenal crisis given IV |
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Hydrocortisone AE
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well-tolerated
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Fludcortisone MOA
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mineralcorticoid activity, used in combo w/ hydrocortisone
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Hydrocortisone IND
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Addison's disease
hypoaldosteronism |
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Florinef AE
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water and sodium retention-->HTN
hpokalemia |
