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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Importance of glycolysis in RBC's?
Source of fuel for the brain in non-starvation conditions? Skeletal muscle and glycolysis: |
All ATP produced by anaerobic glycolysis (no mitochondria)
glucose anaerobic - short-term (100, 200 m) aerobic - long-term (long runs) |
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Three key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway? Why?
Which is most important? Why? |
kinases - hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase
all catalyze irreversible reactions in the pathway phosphofructokinase - commits glucose to glycolysis pathway (F-6-P --> F-1,6-BP) |
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Which kinase is active in the liver and pancreas? Why is this important?
Effect of glucagon? Effect of insulin? |
glucokinase - lower affinity for glucose than HK, so only active when gluose levels are high
decreases activity of PFK via phosphorylation - inhibits glycolysis increases activity of PFK |
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What compound activates PFK-1 and inhibits gluconeogenesis?
What happens in the liver in a diabetic patient with PFK inhibition? Why is there no glycolysis in resting muscle? What happens in active muscle? Effect of alanine on PFK? |
F 2,6-BP
stops glycolysis --> more glucose into bloodstream High ATP allosterically inhibits PFK-1; G-6-P inhibits hexokinase ATP gets used up, which activates PFK-1 --> makes F-2-6BP decreased activity |
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Why can't FA's generate glucose?
What enzyme catalyzes formation of Acetyl CoA from pyruvate? Key enzymes of control in CAC? How is the CAC regulated? |
FA's start as oxidized ACoA, which start CAC
pyruvate dehydrogenase isocitrate dehydrogenase, A-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase availability of NAD+ |
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How does insulin affect CAC?
How does PDH affect the CAC? Effect of PDH kinase and PDH phosphatase: |
anabolic hormone - promotes anabolic/metabolic processes, growth
PDH determines rate of production of acetyl CoA from pyruvate Kinase is active with high ATP, so PDH inactive; Phosphatase activates PDH |
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Citrate synthase activity is enhanced by what?
NADH inhibits what enzymes? ATP inhibits what enzymes? |
Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate
isocitrate dehydrogenase, A-KG dehydrogenase citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase |
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High levels of ATP, Acetyl CoA and NADH inhibits what enzyme?
Low ATP, NADH inhibits what enzymes? |
PDH
isocitrate dehydrogenase, A-KG dehydrogenase |
