Endocrine

Front 1

autocrine

Back 1

cell that affects itself

Front 2

paracrine

Back 2

cell that affects its neighbors

Front 3

endocrine

Back 3

cell that secretes hormones into bloodstream to affect target cells at another location

Front 4

neurocrine

Back 4

neurons that terminate into a bloodstream, secreting neurotransmitters (hormones) to affect target cells

Front 5

Types of hormones

Back 5

1. lipid (lipid soluble)
2. peptide (water soluble)
3. Amine (lipid or water soluble)
4. Autocoid (various substances suchas histamine and seratonin that aren't included in other categories)

Front 6

lipid based hormones are derived from

Back 6

cholesterol

Front 7

2 classes of lipid hormones

Back 7

1. Steroids
(estrogens, progestagens, androgens, corticosteroids)

2. Eicosanoids (Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes)

Front 8

leukotrienes

Back 8

allergy & inflammation

^ vascular permeability
^ vasodilation
^ sm muscle contraction

Front 9

prostaglandins

Back 9

pain and inflammation

reproductive functions (labor and oviposition)

Front 10

types of peptide hormones

Back 10

1. single (oxytocin and prolactin)
2. poly (insulin, growth hormone)
3. glycoproteins (TSH FSH LH CG)
4. cytokines (unique, based on function)

Front 11

types of amine hormones

Back 11

1. catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine)
2. Thyroid hormones (thyroxin)
3. Indolamine (Melatonin)

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sites on receptors

Back 12

1. binding site
>> holds receptor and ligand together
>> aligns ligand with active site

2. Active site
>> binding of ligand activates receptor
>> forms activated ligand- receptor complex

Front 13

Location of receptor affects:

Back 13

1. which hormones can bind to them

2. mechanism of action

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Locations of receptors

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1. Intracellular (cytoplasmic, nucleoplasmic)
>> can only interact w/ lipid soluble
>> longer lasting effects

2. Plasma membrane bound complex
>> mostly interacts w/ water soluble hormones
>> more transient effects

** Prostaglandin is the lipid soluble exception. It binds to cell surface receptors and has transient effects.

Front 15

anterior pituitary

Back 15

adenohypophysis

--> modified salivary glands

secretion stimulated by hypothalamic inhibitory or releasing hormones

Front 16

posterior pituitary

Back 16

neurohypophysis

Front 17

thyroid gland

Back 17

releases thyroxin.

^ growth
^metabolic rate

Front 18

calcitonin secreted by thyroid

Back 18

v blood calcium

Front 19

parathyroid

Back 19

parathormone stimulates osteoclasts chew up bone, ^ blood calcium

Front 20

adrenal medulla

Back 20

chromaffin tissue

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine:

Front 21

adrenal cortex

Back 21

steroidogenic tissue

secretes aldosterone that ^ Na retention and cortisol/corticosterone that ^carb metabolism

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ovary preluteal follicle secretes

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estradiol: ^ female sexual development and behavior

estrogen ^ secondary sexual characteristics

Front 23

ovary corpus luteum

Back 23

progesterone: ^growth of uterine lining and mammary glands

relaxin: dilates cervix, relaxes pubic symphysis

Front 24

pancreas-islets of langerhans

Back 24

glucagon: ^ blood glucose

insulin: v blood glucose

growth hormone: v secretion of islets; v blood glucose.

Front 25

pineal gland

Back 25

melatonin: v gonadal development

Front 26

leydig cells

Back 26

secrete testosterone: ^ male sexual development and behavior

Front 27

sertoli cells

Back 27

inhibin: v pituitary FSH secretion

Front 28

glucagon

Back 28

^ blood glucose

alpha cells

Front 29

insuline

Back 29

v blood glucose

beta cells

Front 30

cAMP deactivated by

Back 30

phosphodiesteras

Front 31

protein kinase A deactivated by

Back 31

phosphoprotein phosphatase

Front 32

neurohypophysis secretes

Back 32

ADH: ^ kidney-- renal tubule water uptake

OXYTOCIN: milk in mammary glands, childbrth

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nonapeptide structure evolution

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hormones evolve in structure, but function is same

Front 34

adenohypophysis acidophils

Back 34

prolactin and growth hormone

Front 35

adenohypophysis basophils

Back 35

TSH
Gonadotropins (FSH, LH)

Corticotropin (ACTH)

Front 36

acromegaly

Back 36

excess adult gh

Front 37

prolactin

Back 37

growth, water/electrolyte balance, reporduction

Front 38

TSH

Back 38

stimulates thyroid homrone; hormones for - feedback on tsh

Front 39

ACTH

Back 39

stimulates hormone secretion by adrenal cortex

Front 40

FSH

Back 40

induces gametogenesis

Front 41

LH

Back 41

stimulates gonadal steroidogenesis

Front 42

hypophyseal portal system

Back 42

sends release/inhibit hormones from hypothalamus to adenohyphophyssys

Front 43

thyroglobulin

Back 43

inactive form of thyroid hormone

Front 44

zona glomerulosa

Back 44

mineralcorticoids

Front 45

zona f

Back 45

glucocorticoids

Front 46

fish cortisol
amphibians aldosterone

Back 46

reptiles and birds corticosterone

mammals all 4