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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hormones synth in ant pit
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GH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL, ACTH
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hormones store in post pit
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OT, ADH
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hypothalamus influence ant pit
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portal blood connection. Only epithelial cells that synth/secrete hormones by hypothalamus
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hypothalamus influence post pit
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nerve connections. Axon endings, stores/release hormones
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Neuroendocrine reflex arc
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OT and milk release. Touch receptors in breast send sensory info to spinal cord. Nerve tract to sensory hypothalamus. Hypothalamus release OT in post pit and blood. Through blood, hormonal OT lactates myoepithelia cells
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TSH. Source. Function
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Thyrotrophs. Affect thyroid activity, synth T3/T4 by increasing iodine uptake.
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TRH. Source. Function
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Hypothalamus. Stimulates TSH release.
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T4. Source. Function.
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Thyroid follicular cells. Loses iodine to become T3 b/c less functional at cellular level.
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T3. Source. Function
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Thyroid follicular cells. stim bone growth, myelin formation, increase O2 intake.
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TGB. Function
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Forms colloid at thyroid center with loose T3, T4
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TBG
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in blood, binds to cleaved off segments of T3,T4 from TGB
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Hyperthyroid
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increased BMR. increase O2 uptake/pulse/clarity/irritiability/weight loss
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Hypothyroid
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decreased BMC. decrease O2 uptake/pulse/nerve activity. Weight gain
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BMR
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basal metabolic rate. lowest ATP lvl for cells to function properly. thyroid index of activity
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Example of negative feedback
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Reg of T4, T3 release. Low blood levels of T3, T4 stim TRH. TRH carried by hypophyseal portal veins to anterior pituitary stim release of TSH. TSH in blood stims thyroid follicle. Follicle release T3,T4 to blood. T3 inhibs TRH,TSH release
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GH. Source. Function
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Ant Pit. Produce IGF/somatomedins
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Insulin-like Growth Factors/Somatomedins. Source. Function
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Liver. Stim osteoblasts to promote bone growth AND increase prot synth AND glucose uptake/myelin formation.
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Hypoglycemia effects (low blood glucose)
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Stim hypothalamus to secrete GHRH. GHRH reaches ant. pit via hypophyseal portal and stims somatotrophs to stim GH. GH stims IGF. IGF stims blood glucose to normal 90mg/100mL then inhib GHRH
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Hyperglycemia effects (high blood glucose)
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Stim hypothalamus to secrete GHIH, while inhib GHRH. At ant. pit, GHIH inhibs GH. Slows release of blood glucose, falls to normal level. Hypoglycemia inhibits GHIH
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High levels of cortisol on immune system
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Decreases mitosis/number of lymphocytes, and thymus activity. Anti-inflammatory (swelling/edema)
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Cortisol. Source. Effects
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Hypothalamus stims ant pit to stim ACTH to stim adrenal cortex. Skeletal muscle, lymphatic, adipose tissue,liver. Increase blood sugar/aa uptake in liver/fatty acids in blood/glycogenesis,gluconeogenesis
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Adrenal Medulla. Role
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Release epinephrine (symp, choli) to tissue fluid and blood. Glycogenolysis, fatty acid breakdown to yield ATP. No effect on heart
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High levels of cortisone on CRH, ACTH, cortisol
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Increase cortisol. Decrease ACTH, CRH by suppressing corticotrophs (ACTH) and neurosecretory cells (CRH)
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Neurosecretory neuron
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secrete OT to post pit for store/release
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hypophysectomy
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remove pit. gland to fend tumors
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giantism
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excess GH and/or IGF, larger width/length of bones
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dwarfism
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decrease in GH and/or IGF, smaller bone dimensions
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Cretin
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hypothyroid. retardation
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glucocorticoids
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cortisol to promote prot breakdown/glucose form/lipolysis
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mineralcorticoids
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aldosterone to increas Na+,H2O reabs AND decrease K+ kidney reabs
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colloid
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TGB plus loose T4,T3 form this at follicle
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zona reticularis
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inner adrenal cortex. stores androgens (both)
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