Endocrine

Front 1

levels in SIADH

Back 1

euvolemic-hyponatremic-hypoTONIC

plasma is low even though urine is high

Front 2

Bartters - etiology and levels

Back 2

defective Na resorption in ascending

HIGH urine Cl (>20)
Raas activates, low K and acidosis

Front 3

Diabetic neuropathy drug - 2 kinds

Back 3

amitriptyline - can worsen urine or cardio symps

then try gabapentin

Front 4

Symps of thyrotoxicosis, reason for

Back 4

weight loss, tachycardia, high BP

due to hyperdynamic circulation

Front 5

Acromegaly - symps and test, COD

Back 5

high, refractory BP, carpal tunnel - tinel/phalen

Dx: measure GH after glucose load(nl goes down)

COD - CHF

Front 6

Causes for thyrotoxicosis and decreased I uptake - 2

Back 6

painless / subacute thyroiditis - MC post partum

de quervains/granulomatous - PAINFUL

Front 7

Tx for acute hyperthyroid, and long term

Back 7

beta blocker now

radioablate if not prego

PTU if prego

Front 8

levels in Osteomalacia, Pagets, Osteoporosis

Back 8

Malacia - LOW Ca/P, HIGH PTH

Pagets - NORMAL ALL, alk phos elevated

Porosis - labs are all typically normal - low DEXA

never give steroids to osteoporosis pt

Front 9

Tx for DKA, what to monitor

Back 9

normal saline and insulin

watch the anion gap and pH (ketones change too slow)

Front 10

Best tx for diabetic nephropathy prevention -

Back 10

control the BP! give ACEi

Front 11

Causes for hypoK, alkalotic, normal BP - 4

Back 11

vomiting - urine Cl <20

diuretic abuse

Bartter - Cl >20

Gitelmans - defect Na/Cl, low blood Mg

Front 12

Loss of ____ in chronic diarrea (two things)

Back 12

potassium and bicarb = metabolic acidosis

Front 13

MEN 1

Back 13

hyper PTH, pancreatic CA, pituitary adenoma

Front 14

MEN 2a

Back 14

pheochromo, medullary thyroid CA, hyperPTH

Front 15

MEN2b

Back 15

pheochromo, medullary thyroid, neuromas, marfan

Front 16

Causes of thyroid nodule - 3 top

Back 16

colloid (benign)

follicular adenoma

papillary CA (MC cancer)

Front 17

Pseudohypoparathyroidism - levels

Back 17

HIGH PTH and Phos, low Ca

Front 18

X-linked hypophos rickets levels

Back 18

LOW PHOS(renal loss), normal otherses

Front 19

Test for hyperaldosterone

PA/PRA ratio

Back 19

give salt - excretion of aldos should decrease

ratio usually >30

Front 20

Source of DHEAS

Back 20

only from adrenals

Front 21

Demeclocycline action on kidney

Back 21

inhibits ADH action (takes days)

Front 22

Untreated hyperthyroidism leads to - 2things

Back 22

bone loss

Afib

Front 23

Symps of high calcium

Back 23

constipation, polyuria, abdominal pain

bones-moans-groans

Front 24

Immobilization Ca levels, etiology, tx

Back 24

Hypercalcemia after a few days

increased osteoclastic activity

can use bisphosphanates

Front 25

Pheochromocytoma treatment, problems

Back 25

beta blocker only will INCREASE BP rapidly

use an alpha too, or both - labetalol

Front 26

DM neuropathy gastric presentation, tx

Back 26

constipation/paresis -

use dopamine agonist or bethanechol

pro-kinetic

Front 27

Drug to increase appetite in anorexic

Back 27

megestrol acetate

Front 28

Choriocarcinoma marker

embryonal/yolk sac

seminoma

Back 28

chorio - betaHCG

embryonal - AFP

seminoma - PLAP, otherwise normal

Front 29

First test for addisons disease

Back 29

cosyntropin test(ACTH stimulation)

cortisol will normally increase in 60mins

Front 30

Cushings screen/test - 2

Back 30

low dose dexamethasone test

24 hours free cortisol level

Front 31

Congenital hypoplasia of parathyroids - 2

Back 31

DiGeorges -

candidiasis / APECED

Front 32

dose spacing of viagra and BPH pills

Back 32

don't take both within 4 hours

Front 33

Lab levels in pagets - what is raised

Back 33

hydroxyproline and urinary N telopeptide

Front 34

Papillary CA pathology -

Back 34

psammoma bodies, ground glass, pale nuc

Front 35

Somogyi

Dawn

Back 35

som = too much INLN at night, LOW at 3am

dawn - too little, HIGH at 3am(due to decreased insulin sensitivity and GH)

Front 36

Tx of Nephri DI - 3 things

Back 36

if hypotensive - normal saline

if normal - 0.45% saline

if lithium - give amiloride(prevents buildup)

Front 37

Sick euthyroid levels

Back 37

low T3, normal others. IL1/6?

Front 38

test for diabetes -

Back 38

8hr fasting (screen)

Front 39

functional hypogonadism - signs

Back 39

SIGNIFICANT disease, low test/FSH/LH

GnRH is not being released

Front 40

metastasis to bone - leads to

Back 40

hypercalcemia, due to CYTOKINES

Front 41

Odd patient preference in DI

Back 41

prefer COLD beverages

Front 42

Best test for proteinuria in DM

Back 42

microalb/Cr RATIO (detects down to 30)

dipstick only to 300(macro)

Front 43

malacia bone defect:

rickets -

pagets -

Ost imperfecta

porosis

Back 43

malacia = defect mineralization

rickets defect mineral of bone AND cartilage

pagets - defect remodeling, localized

OI - defect collagen 1 formation

porosis - loss of bone MASS