Endocrine

Front 1

Growth Hormone

Back 1

-From Anterior Pituitary
-Somatotropin
-targets most body tissues
-regulates growth of bone, muscle, etc

Front 2

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Back 2

-From Anterior Pituitary
-Adrenotropin
-Targets Adrenal Glands
-Stimulates growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex

Front 3

Prolactin

Back 3

-From Anterior Pituitary
-Lactogenic Hormone
-targets mammary glands
-stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk after childbirth

Front 4

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Back 4

-From Anterior Pituitary
-Follitropin
-Targets gonads
-stimulates the secretion of estrogen and growth of follicles in females
-initiates testosterone production in males

Front 5

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Back 5

-From Anterior Pituitary
-Thyrotropin
-Targets thyroid gland
-stimulates growth of the thyroid and secretion of thyroid hormones

Front 6

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

Back 6

-From Anterior Pituitary
-Melanotropin
-Targets melanocytes
-stimulates melanocytes to secrete and deposit melanin

Front 7

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Back 7

-From Posterior Pituitary
-Targets kidneys
-increases the reabsorption of water in the nephrons
-decreases urine volume

Front 8

Oxytocin

Back 8

-From Posterior Pituitary
-targets uterus and mammary glands
-stimulates the contractions of the uterus during childbirth
-Stimulates the release of milk from the breast

Front 9

Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine

Back 9

-from the thyroid
-target most of the body
-increase metabolic rate
-controlled by TSH

Front 10

Calcitonin

Back 10

-from the thyroid
-targets bone
-decreases blood calcium by inhibiting bone breakdown

Front 11

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Back 11

-from the parathyroids
-target bone, kidney, digestive tract
-promote breakdown of bone to increase blood calcium
-promote retention and absorption of calcium in kidneys and digestive tract

Front 12

Mineralcorticoids

Back 12

-from the adrenal cortex
-regulate mineral salts in the body

Front 13

Aldosterone

Back 13

-from the adrenal cortex
-increase sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules

Front 14

Glucocorticoids

Back 14

-from the adrenal cortex
-regulate metabolism, influence blood pressure, anti-inflammatory effect

Front 15

Gonadocorticoids

Back 15

-from the adrenal cortex
-androgens
-influence sex-related characteristics

Front 16

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Back 16

-from the adrenal medulla
-stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

Front 17

Glucagon

Back 17

-from the pancreas
-target the liver
-increases the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in order to increase blood glucose levels

Front 18

Insulin

Back 18

-from the pancreas
-target the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
-facilitates uptake of glucose by the cells and adipose tissue, and the creation of glycogen

Front 19

Thymosin

Back 19

-from the thymus
-stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes to T lymphocytes

Front 20

Melatonin

Back 20

-from the pineal gland
-influences the sleep-wake cycle

Front 21

Testosterone

Back 21

-from the testes
-stimulates development of male sexual characteristics

Front 22

Estrogen

Back 22

-from the ovaries
-development and maintenance of female sexual characteristics and regulation of the menstrual cycle
-promotes maturation of the ovum

Front 23

Progesterone

Back 23

-from the ovary (corpus luteum)
-completes preparation of uterus for possible pregnancy

Front 24

Homeostasis

Back 24

Maintenance of the internal environment within tolerable limits

Front 25

Hormones

Back 25

-chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands
-can be protein or steroid based

Front 26

Endocrinologist

Back 26

Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands

Front 27

Endocrinopathy

Back 27

any disease or disorder due to a malfunctioning endocrine gland

Front 28

Hypercrinism

Back 28

condition caused by excessive secretion of a hormone by a gland

Front 29

Hypocrinism

Back 29

condition caused by deficient secretion of a hormone by a gland

Front 30

Pituitary Gland

Back 30

-AKA hypophysis
-located at base of brain below the hypothalamus
-secretes hormones that control the function of the other glands
-Acts in response to stimuli from the hypothalamus

Front 31

Adenohypophysis

Back 31

-Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
-secretes Growth Hormone (GH), ACTH, Prolactin, FSH, LH (ICSH), TSH, MSH

Front 32

Neurohypophysis

Back 32

-Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
-resevoir for chemicals created by the hypothalamus
-secretes oxytocin and ADH

Front 33

Pituitarism

Back 33

Any disorder of the pituitary

Front 34

Acromegaly

Back 34

enlargement of the extremeties caused by hypersecretion of GH after puberty

Front 35

Gigantism

Back 35

abnormal overgrowth of the body caused by hypersecretion of GH before puberty

Front 36

Diabetes Insipidus

Back 36

-caused by insufficient production of ADH or failure of the kidneys to respond
-allows too much fluid to be excreted
-symptoms: polydipsia, polyuria

Front 37

Hypothyroidism

Back 37

-deficiency of thyroid secretion
-symptoms: fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, decreased metabolism

Front 38

Cretinism

Back 38

congential hypothyroidism which can cause arrested physical and mental development

Front 39

Myxedema

Back 39

-severe adult hypothyriodism
-Symptoms: enlarged tongue, puffiness of hands and feet

Front 40

Hyperthyroidism

Back 40

-excessive thyroid secretion
-symptoms: increased metabolism and appetite, sweating, nervousness, weight loss, increased heart rate

Front 41

Thyrotoxicosis

Back 41

-AKA Thyroid Storm
-syndrome caused by severely excessive thyroid secretion

Front 42

Graves' Disease

Back 42

-autoimmune
-characterized by goiter and exophthalmos

Front 43

Goiter

Back 43

enlarged thyroid gland

Front 44

Exophthalmos

Back 44

protruding eyes
-often due to Graves' disease

Front 45

Lobectomy

Back 45

Removal of a lobe of an organ (Ex thyroid)

Front 46

Hyperparathyroidism

Back 46

-excessive secretion of the parathyroid gland
-symptoms: hypercalcemia (high blood calcium)

Front 47

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 47

-insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid gland
-symptoms: hypocalcemia (low blood calcium), tetany

Front 48

Corticosteroids

Back 48

Steroid hormones produced by the

Front 49

Adrenalitis

Back 49

Inflammation of the adrenal gland

Front 50

Addison's Disease

Back 50

-deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone
-symptoms:

Front 51

Aldosteronism

Back 51

-Caused by hypersecretion of aldosterone
-symptoms: abnormality of electrolyte balance

Front 52

Cushing's Syndrome

Back 52

-caused by prolonged exposure to excessive cortisol due to overproduction or taking glucocorticoid medication
-symptoms include: "moon" face

Front 53

Hyperglycemia

Back 53

-abnormally high levels of sugar in the blood
-symptoms: polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

Front 54

Hypoglycemia

Back 54

-abnormally low blood sugar

Front 55

Diabetes Mellitus

Back 55

-due to insufficient insulin or insulin-resistance
-symptoms: polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, slow healing, etc

Front 56

Type 1 Diabetes

Back 56

Juvenile onset
-due to lack of insulin

Front 57

Type II Diabetes

Back 57

Adult onset
-due to insulin resistance

Front 58

Gestational Diabetes

Back 58

Diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

Front 59

Ketoacidosis

Back 59

-occurs when blood sugar is high and the body uses other sources of fuel
-causes blood acidity

Front 60

Gynecomastia

Back 60

-excessive mammary development in males

Front 61

Neuropathy

Back 61

damage to nerves often due to diabetes

Front 62

Diabetic retinopathy

Back 62

damage to the blood vessels of the eye that can lead to blindness