Endocrine

Front 1

zona glomerulosa

Back 1

aldosterone

Front 2

zona fasciculata

Back 2

cortisol, sex hormones

Front 3

zona reticularis

Back 3

sex hormones

Front 4

adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells)

Back 4

catecholamines

Front 5

pheochromocytoma

Back 5

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
episodic HTN

Front 6

neuoblastoma

Back 6

most common in children

Front 7

posterior pit (from neuroectoderm)

Back 7

vasopressin and oxytocin (both made in HT)

Front 8

ant pit (from oral ectoderm, Rathke's pouch)

Back 8

FSH, LH, ACTH, GH, TSH, MSH, prolactin

Front 9

beta subunit

Back 9

determines hormone specificity

Front 10

alpha cells of islets

Back 10

glucagon

Front 11

beta cells of islets

Back 11

insulin

Front 12

delta cells of islets

Back 12

somatostatin

Front 13

prolactin inhibited by

Back 13

dopamine (bromocriptine)

Front 14

what stimulates prolactin

Back 14

dopamine antagonists (most antipsychotics)

Front 15

prolactin inhibits

Back 15

GnRH synthesis and release- inhibits ovulation

Front 16

increased prl causes...

Back 16

infertility, amenorrhea, galactorrhea
males: decreased testo, libido, sperm (infertility), impotence, gynecomastia, galactorrhea

Front 17

causes of increased prl

Back 17

pregnancy, breast feeding, stress, prolactinoma, DA antagonists (haloperidol, domperidone, metacloprimide), methyldopa

Front 18

somatostatin inhibits

Back 18

GH and TSH

Front 19

stimulates bone and muscle growth

Back 19

GH (IGF)

Front 20

stimulats milk production and secretion

Back 20

prl

Front 21

stimulates milk secretion during lactation

Back 21

oxytocin

Front 22

responsible for female secondary sex characteristics

Back 22

estrogen

Front 23

stimulates metabolich activty

Back 23

thyroid hormone

Front 24

increases blood glucose level and decreases protein synthesis

Back 24

cortisol

Front 25

responsible for male secondary sex characteristics

Back 25

testosterone

Front 26

prepares endomitrium for implantation/maintenance of preg

Back 26

progesterone

Front 27

stimulates adrenal cotex to synthesize and secrete cortisol

Back 27

ACTH

Front 28

stimulates follicle maturation in females and spermatogenesis in males

Back 28

FSH

Front 29

increases plasma Ca, increases bone resoprtion

Back 29

PTH

Front 30

decreases plasma ca, increase bone formation

Back 30

calcitonin

Front 31

stimulates ovulation in females, testosterone synthesis in males

Back 31

LH

Front 32

stimulates thyroid to produce TH and uptake iodine

Back 32

TSH

Front 33

progesterone is from

Back 33

ovary, placenta

Front 34

atrial natriuretic hormone is from

Back 34

atria

Front 35

testosterone is from

Back 35

testis, ovaries, ZR of adrenal cortex

Front 36

calcitonin is from

Back 36

parafollicular C cells of thyroid

Front 37

estradiol is from

Back 37

ovaries

Front 38

estriol is from

Back 38

placenta

Front 39

estrone is from

Back 39

adipose

Front 40

estrogen in males is from

Back 40

testes

Front 41

cAMP (Gs)

Back 41

ACTH, LH/FSH/hCG/TSH, ADH (V2, kidney), glucagon, MSH, CRH, calcitonin/PTH, beta

Front 42

IP3/DAG (Gq)

Back 42

GnRH, TRH, GHRH, ATII, ADH (V1 vessels), oxytocin, A1, M1, M3

Front 43

nucleus

Back 43

glucocorticoids, estrogen/progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, vit D, thyroid H

Front 44

tyrosine kinase

Back 44

insulin, IGF-1, growth factors (PDGF)

Front 45

insulin dependent organs

Back 45

skeletal muscle and adipose via GLUT4

Front 46

glucose independent

Back 46

brain and RBCs

Front 47

pit adenoma

Back 47

most commonly prolactinoma - amenorrhea, galactorrhea, low libido, infertility
tx with bromocriptine

Front 48

SIADH

Back 48

excessive water retention, hyponatremia, urine osm > serum osm
low Na can lead to seizures (correct slowly!)
tx: demeclocycline, H2O restriction

Front 49

causes of SIADH

Back 49

ectopic ADH (small cell lung cancer)
CNS disorders/head trauma
pulm disease
drugs (cyclophosphamide)

Front 50

carcinoid syndrome

Back 50

secrete high levels of 5HT
results in diarrhea, cutaneous flushing, asthmatic wheezing, right sided vavlular disease
increased 5HIAA in urine
tx: octreotide

Front 51

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Back 51

gastrin secreting tumor of pancreas or duodenum
causes recurrent ulcers
may be associated with MEN 1

Front 52

Sheehans

Back 52

postpartum hypopituitism
caused by infarction of pituitary gland following severe bleeding and hypoperfusion during delivery
may cause fatigue, anorexia, poor pactation, loss of hair

Front 53

neuroblastoma

Back 53

most common tumor of adrenal medulla in children
HVA in urine

Front 54

pheochromocytoma

Back 54

most common tumor of AM in adults
derived from chromaffin cells (NCC), VMA in urine
assoc with NF, MEN II/III
tx with alpha ag (phenoxybenzamine)
episodic: HTN, pain, perspiration, tachy, palpitations, pallor

Front 55

MEN I

Back 55

pancreas, parathyroid and pit tumors; presents with kidney stones and stomach ulcers

Front 56

MEN II

Back 56

medullary carc of thyroid, pheochromocytoma, parathyroid tumor

Front 57

MEN III

Back 57

medullary carc of thyroid, pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas

Front 58

ret gene

Back 58

MEN II and III

Front 59

MEN

Back 59

AD inheritance

Front 60

cretinism

Back 60

lack of dietary iodine, sporadic caused by defect in T4 formation or developmental failure in thyroid formation
pot bellied, pale, puffy face with protruding umbilicus, protuberant tongue

Front 61

acromegaly

Back 61

excess GH in adults
large tongue with deep furrows, deep voice, large hands and feet, coarse facial features, impaired glucose tolerance (insulin resistance), increased GH in children- gigantism
tx: octreotide