Endocrine

Front 1

The hypothalamus controls the ____.

Back 1

pituitary

Front 2

The hypothalamus operates on the principle of ____ feedback.

Back 2

negative

Front 3

The ____ secretes stimulating and inhibiting hormones.

Back 3

hypothalamus

Front 4

The anterior pituitary secretes these 6 hormones.

Back 4

1. TSH
2. ACTH
3. GH
4. FSH/LH
5. prolactin

Front 5

Posterior pituitary secretes these two hormones.

Back 5

1. oxytocin
2. ADH

Front 6

What are the two endocrine glands that are not under hypothalamic control?

Back 6

1. parathyroid glands
2. pancreas

Front 7

Which gland is called the master gland due to its influence over so much of the body's functioning?

Back 7

pituitary gland

Front 8

All the other glands depend on the secretions of this gland for stimulation.

Back 8

pituitary gland

Front 9

Thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid to secrete?

Back 9

T3 and T4

Front 10

T3 and T4 controls the metabolism of ____, ____, ____ and affects ____, ____, ____, and ____.

Back 10

CHO, fats, protein, CV, neuro, GI, reproductive functioning

Front 11

ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete what two hormones?

Back 11

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Front 12

ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete ____, ___, and ___.

Back 12

cortisol, mineralcorticoids (Aldosterone), androgens

Front 13

Cortisol does what 3 things?

Back 13

Stimulates gluconeogenesis, decreases inflammation, and suppresses immune response

Front 14

What does aldosterone do?

Back 14

Increased reabsorption of sodium and water with increased excretion of potassium

Front 15

PTH does what?

Back 15

maintains serum calcium levels

Front 16

80-90% are pituitary adenomas which produce at least one pituitary hormone such as ___, ___, and ___.
–

Back 16

growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH

Front 17

Signs and symptoms of a pituitary adenoma:

Back 17

-headaches
–loss of peripheral vision
–unstable temperature
–neurological manifestations,
emotional changes
-hydrocephalus
-signs associated with excessive growth hormone, prolactin, ACTH

Front 18

Drug therapy for pituitary adenomas is ___.

Back 18

bromocriptine

Front 19

With bromocriptine monitor for ___.

Back 19

hypertension

Front 20

Which hormone is of greatest concern after a transphenoidal hypophysectomy?

Back 20

cortisol

Front 21

After a transphenoidal hypophysectomy, which 3 hormones may need to be replaced?

Back 21

cortisol, ADH, thyroid hormone

Front 22

Medication to treat acromegaly?

Back 22

octreotide

Front 23

Medication to treat hyperprolactinemia?

Back 23

bromocriptine

Front 24

This medication is used for chronic SIADH.

Back 24

demeclocycline

Front 25

Surgery for a pituitary adenoma is called?

Back 25

transphenoidal hypophysectomy

Front 26

Which hormone is of greatest concern post-op for a transphenoidal hypophysectomy?

Back 26

cortisol

Front 27

___ which inhibits prolactin secretion is used for hyperprolactinemia.

Back 27

bromocriptine

Front 28

5 S/S of hyperprolactinemia:

Back 28

1. galactorrhea
2. decreased libido
3. erectile dysfunction
4. menstrual irregularities
5. decreased visual fields

Front 29

Medication for pituitary DI?

Back 29

desmopressin (DDAVP)

Front 30

Acute SIADH is treated with?

Back 30

hypertonic saline (3%)

Front 31

Chronic SIADH is treated with?

Back 31

-fluid restriction
-high sodium diet
-Lasix
-demeclocycline (blocks the action of ADH)

Front 32

What medications are used to treat SIADH?

Back 32

demeclocycline, Lasix

Front 33

S/S of hypothyroidism?

Back 33

-mental retardation in infants
-intolerant to cold, low temperature, dry skin, dry hair
-increased interstitial fluid (myxedema)
-*increased cholesterol and TG
-*anemia
-bradycardia, enlarged heart, hypotension
-apathy, slow speech, lethargy, parasthesia
-reproductive abnormalities
-goiter, may or may not be present

Front 34

In hypothyroidism, TSH is ___ and T3 and T4 are ___.

Back 34

elevated, decreased

Front 35

Medication for hypothyroidism?

Back 35

levothyroxine (synthroid)

Front 36

FACT:

Back 36

Synthroid is best absorbed if taken on an empty stomach.

Front 37

FACT:

Back 37

Iron interferes with the absorption of Synthroid.

Front 38

S/S of hyperthyroidism:

Back 38

-goiter
-increased body temperature, intolerant to heat
-increased appetite, weight loss, weakness, diarrhea
-decreased cholesterol and TG
-tachycardia, increased BP, CHF, *A-fib, DOE, CP
-nervousness, restless, insomnia, tremors
-osteoporosis
-exophthalmos (volume expansion of muscle tissue)
-altered reproductive function

Front 39

In hyperthyroidism TSH levels are ___ and T3 and T4 levels are ___.

Back 39

decreased, elevated

Front 40

Medications used for hyperthyroidism?

Back 40

1. Lugol's solution
2. BB
3. thioamides (PTU, tapazole)

Front 41

What is the risk of thioamides (PTU, tapazole)for hyperthyroidism?

Back 41

agranulocytosis

Front 42

Radioactive iodine therapy is used in ___.

Back 42

hyperthyroidism

Front 43

S/S of hypoparathyroidism:

Back 43

-tetany
-laryngospasms
-seizures
-EKG changes

Front 44

Pathophysiology of hyperparathyroidism:

Back 44

-hypercalcemia
-osteoporosis
-kidney stones
-peptic ulcer disease

Front 45

FACT:

Back 45

Cortisol itself possesses mineralcorticoid activity; therefore, cortisol excess results in characteristic signs and symptoms of increased mineralcorticoid activity.

Front 46

FACT:

Back 46

Watch for signs of DVT in Cushing's disease.

Front 47

A tumor of the adrenal medulla which secretes (hypersecretion) epinephrine/norepinephrine causes this condition.

Back 47

pheochromocytoma

Front 48

What does pheochromocytoma cause?

Back 48

Severe hypertension not responsive to meds.

Front 49

Hyposecretion of cortisol and aldosterone results in this disease?

Back 49

Addison's disease