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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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myxedema
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due to long standing hypothyroidism
Sx: dilated cardiomyopathy, slow speech, intellectual fxn, fatigue, lethargy, cold intolerance, periorbital edema |
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'sulfa' oral hypoglycemics
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chlorpropamide and glipizide
[can use metformin instead if someone is allergic to sulfa drugs] |
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Reidel thyroiditis
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'rock like' stroma
rare form of chronic thyroiditis characterized by marked fibrous rxn that destroys most or all of the thyroid gland etiology is unknown affects middle aged and older, mostly women stridor, dyspnea, dysphagia, laryngeal nerve paralysis |
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pituitary apoplexy
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life threatening infarction of pituitary gland, can result after obstetric hemorrhage
Tx: replace glucoroticoids and thyroid hormone |
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Hashimoto's may be associated with
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thymic hyperplasia, benign thymomas and malignant thymomas
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Laron dwarfism
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congenital absence of GH receptors (will see absence of GHBP in the blood)
plasma concentrations of IGF-1 are low |
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papillary thyroid carcinoma histo
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small solid balls of neoplastic follicular cells
->contain microscopic blood vessels and fibrous stroma |
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follicular carcinoma
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difficult to distinguish from thyroid follicular adenoma upon FNA
follicular cells + colloid |
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generalized resistance to thyroid hormone [Refetoff's syndrome]
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mutation of thyroid hormone receptor gene
normal negative feedback doesn't work also: so high T4, T3, TSH |
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subacute lymphocytic vs granulomatous thyroiditis
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lymphocytic is PAINLESS
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pseudohypoparathyroidism
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due to end organ insensitivity to PTH
hypocalcemia, hyper-phos, decreased VD 1,25 but HIGH serum PTH *failure of injected PTH to increased urine cAMP* developmental defects, MR, shortened metacarpals |
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medullary thyroid carcinoma
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presence of AMYLOID and polygonal tumor cells.
scany colloid and normal follicular cells |
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autoantibodies seen in type 1 DM
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anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD]
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INGESTION of glucose differs from IV admin...
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leads to secretion of GIP that stimulates insulin secretion
(so higher insulin levels in ingested glucose vs IV) |
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primary means of action of PTU
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inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
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SST from hypothalamus inhibits
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TSH and GH release
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only reliable indicator of metastatic potential of pheochromocytomas
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presence of distant metastases
*CAN'T determine microscopically |
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lab test to look for presence of thyroid C cell hyperplasia
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(which is medullary carcinoma: see in MEN IIa and IIb)
pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin studies |
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prolactin has closest structural homology to what other hormone?
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GH
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ACTH is or is not a long term regulator of aldos production
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is NOT
(so low ACTH would not affect aldos levels) AT-II and K are main long term regulators of aldos |
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increase in estrogen does this to TBG
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increases synthesis (so increases total serum T4)
->but does not alter free T4 |
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HLA types at risk for type 1 DM
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heterozygous individual with DR3/DR4 (33x normal risk)
homozygous for DR2 = LESS risk |
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alpha 2 receptor agonists (clonidine) have this effect on insulin
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directly inhibit insulin secretion
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which neurotransmitter causes release of NE from adrenal medulla?
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ACh
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