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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DM pts frequently have cardiac issues if they take beta-blockers they may not feel like they have low blood sugar. blocks the effects of epinephrine.
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beta blockers and DM
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DM type 1
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little to no insulin production
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DM type 2
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insulin production is low, normal or even high. insulin deficiency or desensitized to insulin
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Insulin is required for cells to take in glucose. if no glucose in cells they use fat and protein for energy.
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DM
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polyuria in DKA
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due to osmotic diuresis from high blood glucose levels. water follows larger molecules.
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HHNK
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No ketones, serum osmolality > 350, glucose greater than 600, but usually greater than 1,000.
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DI
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usually caused by severe head trauma, brain or pituitary tumors, pancreatic cancer or dilantin. posterior pituitary unable to secrete vasopressin (ADH).
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DI S&S
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polydipsia and severe polyuria (5-20 liters)
Decreased skin turgor tachycardia and hypotensive |
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how is DI diagnosed
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hypernatremia >145
decreased urine osmolality. <500 very low specific gravity of urine. < 1.005 |
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how is DI treated
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vasopressin, volume replacement
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SIADH
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"swimming in water"
hyponatremia NA< 135 very concentrated urine |
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treatment for SIADH
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free water restriction
loop diuretic tetracycline atbx (increases urinary water excretion) lithium (given because its a salt) |
