Endocrine 2

Front 1

Suprarenal glands

Back 1

Adrenal gland - situated on top of kidneys

Front 2

Adrenal cortex produces

Back 2

Steroid hormones (like cortisol and aldosterone)

Front 3

Adrenal medulla produces

Back 3

Catecholamines like epinephrine (adrenaline)

Front 4

Conn's syndrome

Back 4

Hyperaldosteronism - caused by tumor

Front 5

Cushing's syndrome

Back 5

Hypercortisolism - hyperglycemia

Front 6

Adrenogenital syndrome

Back 6

Enzyme deficiency

Front 7

Zona glomerulosa

Back 7

Adrenal cortex zone - produces aldosterone

Front 8

Zonda fasciculata

Back 8

Adrenal cortex zone - produces cortisol

Front 9

Zona reticularis

Back 9

Adrenal cortex zone - adrenogenital syndrome

Front 10

Which of the 3 adrenal cortex zones is under control of the pituitary?

Back 10

Zonda fasciculata

Front 11

Hypocortisolism

Back 11

Addison's disease - hypoglycemia

Front 12

Cortisol required for

Back 12

Normal glucose metabolism

Front 13

Aldosterone is a

Back 13

Mineralocorticoid

Front 14

2ndary aldosteronism common due to

Back 14

Kidney disease

Front 15

Epinephrine increases levels of

Back 15

Glucose, and is released in response to hypoglycemia

Front 16

Neuroblastoma

Back 16

Adrenal medullar tumor - children, malignant

Front 17

Pheochromocytoma

Back 17

Adrenal medulla tumor - adults, mostly benign (10% are malignant)

Front 18

Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) is

Back 18

Metabolic end product found in urine and important for diagnosis of adrenal medulla tumor

Front 19

Both neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma may produce blank and cause blank

Back 19

May produce catecholamines (NE, E) and cause hypertension

Front 20

Location and number of parathyroids

Back 20

In the neck (behind thyroid), four glands each size of coffee bean

Front 21

Parathryoid glands secrete

Back 21

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

Front 22

PTH involved in

Back 22

Regulating homeostasis of serum calcium and phosphate - bone metabolism

Front 23

Parathyroid tumor commonly causes

Back 23

Hypercalcemia

Front 24

PTH release caused by

Back 24

Low blood calcium levels

Front 25

PTH causes

Back 25

Ca retention at kidney, Ca release from bone, and interacts with vitamin D

Front 26

What causes salt and pepper appearance in the skull?

Back 26

Osteitis fibrosa cystica caused by parathryoid tumor

Front 27

Parathyroid tumor 5 signs

Back 27

Stones (renal), bones (painful), groans (abdominal), moans (psychic), overtones (fatigue)

Front 28

3 presentations of primary HPT

Back 28

Asymptomatic hypercalcemia, insidious onset of hypercalcemia with mild non-specific symptoms, and renal colic (pain from stones)

Front 29

Hyper vs hypoparathyroidism prevalence

Back 29

Hypo is rare

Front 30

Insulin dependent diabetes

Back 30

Type 1 (type 2 is non-insulin dependent)

Front 31

Type 1 and 2 diabetes are primary or secondary?

Back 31

Primary

Front 32

Which type of diabetes has an acute, emergency onset and can present weeks to months after a viral or bacterial infection?

Back 32

Type 1

Front 33

Which type of insulin is more hereditary, type 1 or 2?

Back 33

Type 2

Front 34

Type 1 diabetes involves the loss of which cells?

Back 34

Beta cells

Front 35

Serum insulin level in type 1 vs 2 diabetes

Back 35

Low in type 1, normal in type 2

Front 36

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis

Back 36

Chronic alcoholism

Front 37

Pancreatic neoplasms are typically

Back 37

Exocrine, derived from ducts, solid rather than cystic, malignant rather than benign, and functionally silent rather than hormonally active