Endocrine

Front 1

vasopressin

Back 1

aka ADH
-peptide hormone made in hypothalamus, released by posterior pituitary
-binds collecting duct epithelia, allowing more water to be reabsorbed from urine

Front 2

Oxytocin

Back 2

-hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
-induces contractions of the uterine muscles and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing

Front 3

Pituitary

Back 3

Endocrine gland at the base of the hypothalamus; consists of a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), which stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus, and an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), which produces and secretes many hormones that regulate diverse body functions

Front 4

glucagon

Back 4

pancreatic hormone that stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose in response to low [glucose]
-alpha cells

Front 5

insulin

Back 5

pancreatic (beta cells) hormone that stimulates liver cells to convert glucose to glycogen in response to high [glucose]

Front 6

vasopressin

Back 6

aka ADH
-peptide hormone made in hypothalamus, released by posterior pituitary
-binds collecting duct epithelia, allowing more water to be reabsorbed from urine

Front 7

Oxytocin

Back 7

-hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary.
-induces contractions of the uterine muscles and causes the mammary glands to eject milk during nursing

Front 8

Pituitary

Back 8

Endocrine gland at the base of the hypothalamus; consists of a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), which stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus, and an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), which produces and secretes many hormones that regulate diverse body functions

Front 9

glucagon

Back 9

pancreatic hormone that stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose in response to low [glucose]
-alpha cells
-mobilization of stored AAs and fats

Front 10

insulin

Back 10

pancreatic (beta cells) anabolic hormone that stimulates liver cells to convert glucose to glycogen in response to high [glucose]
-storage of AAs and fats by muscle and fat cells

Front 11

melatonin

Back 11

modified amino acid hormone secreted by the pineal gland
-regulates the circadian rhythms of several biological functions

Front 12

Mineralocorticoids

Back 12

Mineralocorticoids have their major effects on salt and water balance.

Aldosterone, for example, stimulates cells in the kidney to reabsorb sodium ions and water from the filtrate, raising blood pressure and volume

Front 13

Growth hormone

Back 13

protein of about 200 amino acids that affects a wide variety of target tissues and has both direct effects and tropic effects

Front 14

Prolactin

Back 14

Hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland with a great diversity of effects in different vertebrate species.
-lactogenesis

Front 15

gigantism

Back 15

hypersecretion of GH in youth

Front 16

acromegaly

Back 16

Barry Bonds

Front 17

pancreas

Back 17

gland with dual functions:
1. nonendocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution into the small intestine via a duct;
2. endocrine portion secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood

Front 18

vitamin D

Back 18

active form functions as a hormone, acting in concert with parathyroid hormone in bone and promoting the uptake of calcium from food within the intestines

Front 19

thymosin

Back 19

secreted by the thymus

peptide hormone

stimulates T lymphocytes.

Front 20

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Back 20

-gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone secreted by anterior pituitary in response to GnRH from hypothalamus during pre-ovulatory of menstrual cycle
-stimulates follicle growth, and the cells of these growing follicles secrete estrogens, which inhibits release of GnRH

Front 21

hypothalamus

Back 21

ventral part of the vertebrate forebrain;
-functions in maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems;
-secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing factors, which regulate the anterior pituitary.

Front 22

releasing factor

Back 22

hormone produced by neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus of the vertebrate brain that stimulates or inhibits the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary.

Front 23

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Back 23

-stimulates ovulation and development of corpus luteum
-secreted by ant pituitary in response to GnRH
-indirectly stimulates follicle to release estrogen, which inhibits release of GnRH and FSH

Front 24

Adrenal glands

Back 24

-adjacent to the kidneys. In mammals, each adrenal gland is actually made up of two glands with different cell types, functions, and embryonic origins: the adrenal cortex, or outer portion, and the adrenal medulla, or central part. Nonmammalian vertebrates have quite different arrangements of the same tissues.

Front 25

adrenal medulla

Back 25

-close developmental and functional ties with the nervous system. -Secretory cells of the adrenal medulla are derived from cells of the neural crest
-Some of the neural crest cells in the abdominal region of a vertebrate embryo may differentiate into either endocrine cells of the adrenal medulla or neurons, depending on chemical signals in the vicinity

Front 26

Glucocorticoid

Back 26

corticosteroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that influences glucose metabolism and immune function
-turns immune activity (inflammation) down (cortisol)
- glucogenesis

Front 27

pineal gland

Back 27

small endocrine gland on the dorsal surface of the vertebrate forebrain: secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates body functions related to seasonal day length

Front 28

Thyroid gland

Back 28

endocrine gland that secretes iodine-containing hormones (T3 and T4) which stimulate metabolism and influence development and maturation in vertebrates, and cacitonin, which lowers blood calcium levels in mammals

Front 29

calcitonin

Back 29

mammalian thyroid hormone that lowers blood calcium levels

Front 30

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 30

a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that raise blood calcium level
-antagonistic to calcitonin from thyroid

Front 31

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Back 31

pituitary hormone that regulates the activity of pigment-containing cells in the skin of some vertebrates
-also effects arousal and appetite

Front 32

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Back 32

hormone produced by the anterior pituitary that regulates the release of thyroid hormones
-regulated by releasing hormone from hypothalamus

Front 33

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 33

peptide hormone released from the anterior pituitary, it stimulates the production and secretion of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex

Front 34

adrenal gland

Back 34

endocrine gland located adjacent to the kidney in mammals; composed of two glandular portions: an outer cortex, which responds to endocrine signals in reacting to stress and effecting salt and water balance, and a central medulla, which responds to nervous inputs resulting from stress (epinephrine output from medulla)