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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What types of cells make up the adenohypophysis?
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Cords of epithelial cells of hormone-secreting cells: somatotrophs, gonadotrophs, mammotrophs, thyrotrophs, corticotrophs.
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What type of cells make up the neurohypophysis?
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Terminal axons originating from neurons in the hypothalamus.
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What is the embryological origin of the adenohypophysis?
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Roof of the primitive mouth - ascends anteriorly to form Rathke's pouch, and the adenohypophysis.
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What is the embryological origin of the neurohypophysis?
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Floor of the diencephelon descends posteriorly to become the neurohypophysis.
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Where is the pituitary gland located?
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In the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, covered in dura mater.
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What is the blood supply to the adenohypophysis?
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Superior hypophyseal artery (branch of the internal carotid) --> primary capillary plexus in the median eminence --> hypophyseal portal vein --> secondary capillary plexus within the pars distalis.
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What is the blood supply to the neurohypophysis?
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Inferior hypophyseal artery (branch of the internal carotid) --> directly reaches the pars nervosa.
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What is the histological origin of the adenohypophysis?
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Oral ectoderm.
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What are the three regions of the adenohypophysis?
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Pars distalis (most prominent), pars intermedia, pars tuberalis.
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What hormones are secreted by the acidophilic chromophils in the pars distalis?
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1) Prolactin (mammotrophs)
2) GH (somatotrophs) "A PiG" |
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What are the 3 basophilic chromophils in the pars distalis?
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1) FSH/LH (gonadotrophs)
2) ACTH (corticotrophs) 3) TSH (thyrotrophs) "B-FLAT" |
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Describe the pars tuberalis.
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Wraps around the median eminence, mostly basophilic gonadotrophs that secrete FSH/LH.
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Describe the pars intermedia.
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Located between the distalis and tuberalis, adjacent to Rathke's pouch. Basophilic corticotrophs produce ACTH (from POMC, which also forms MSH and opioids).
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Name the 5 hormones released from the hypothalamus and how they travel.
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1) SRH/GHRH - Somatostatin/GH Releasing Hormone
2) PRH - Prolactin Releasing Hormone 3) GnRH - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone 4) CRH - Corticotropin Releasing Hormone 5) TRH - Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone *Travel via the hypophyseal portal circulation down the median eminence. |
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What does the pars nervosa connect directly to?
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Hypothalamus.
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True/False: Pars nervosa contains secretory cells.
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False.
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Name the nerves that secrete hormones to the pars nervosa from the hypothalamus.
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1) Supraoptic nerves
2) Paraventricular neurons |
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What are Herring bodies?
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Storage components for hormones (ADH and Oxytocin) released from the hypothalamus to the pars nervosa of the posterior pituitary.
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What hormone do supraoptic neurons secrete?
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ADH.
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What hormone do paraventricular neurons secrete?
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Oxytocin.
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