Endocrine 1

Front 1

Stress

Back 1

Something that would tend to upset homeostasis

Front 2

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Back 2

The body's response when a stress is too great for normal mechanisms to maintain homeostasis.

Front 3

Alarm reaction

Back 3

The first response from the hypothalamus

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Resistance reaction

Back 4

A slower response by the anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex (effects are longer lasting than those of the alarm reaction)

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ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Back 5

ACTH----> (stimulates) adrenal cortex----> (produces) aldosterone---> (maintains) high blood pressure

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Exhaustion

Back 6

As the body runs out of glucocorticoids and nutrients

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Adrenal cortex

Back 7

Adrenal cortex increases production of glucocorticoids------ > maintains glucose levels in the blood

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Pheromone

Back 8

Hormone-like molecule produced by one organism that affects another organism

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Thymus Gland

Back 9

Just above the heart

Like in a child, gets smaller after puberty.

Produces THYMOSIN

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THYMOSIN

Back 10

Important in the development of lymphocytes

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Pineal Gland or Pineal Body

Back 11

Produces melatonin

Front 12

Melatonin

Back 12

Produced by pineal gland

Inhibited by light

Inhibits development of reproductive organs

Sets biological clock

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Calcitriol

Back 13

Form of Vit D, causes absorption of calcium in GI

Parathyroid----> releases parathormone---> produces a steroid called Calcitriol

Front 14

Erythropoietin

Back 14

Hormone produced when the kidneys do not get enough oxygen----> increases production of red blood cells

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Renin

Back 15

Enzyme produced by kidneys when blood pressure is too low to filter blood properly

Front 16

Atrial natriuretic hormone or atrial natriuretic factor

Back 16

Produced by the heart when the walls of the heart are stretched by high blood pressure----> causes the kidney to lose sodium and water----> loss of water leads to decreased blood volume and lower blood pressure

Inhibits the production of aldosterone

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Two systems that respond to stress

Back 17

Autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system

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Two systems that respond to stress

Back 18

Autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system

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The endocrine system

Back 19

Hormones in the tissues that produce hormones

Front 20

Two systems that respond to stress

Back 20

Autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system

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The endocrine system

Back 21

Hormones in the tissues that produce hormones

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Two types of glands

Back 22

Endocrine and exocrine

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Two systems that respond to stress

Back 23

Autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system

Front 24

The endocrine system

Back 24

Hormones in the tissues that produce hormones

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Two types of glands

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Endocrine and exocrine

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Exocrine glands

Back 26

Have ducts or released their secretions directly onto the surface.

Some people call them ductless glands

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Permissive effect

Back 27

The target so needs a previous or simultaneous exposure to one hormone before another hormone can affect the cell

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Permissive effect

Back 28

The target so needs a previous or simultaneous exposure to one hormone before another hormone can affect the cell

Front 29

Synergistic effect

Back 29

To hormones complement each other. Either hormone can affect the target but the effect is greater when both hormones are present

Front 30

Permissive effect

Back 30

The target so needs a previous or simultaneous exposure to one hormone before another hormone can affect the cell

Front 31

Synergistic effect

Back 31

To hormones complement each other. Either hormone can affect the target but the effect is greater when both hormones are present

Front 32

Antagonistic effect

Back 32

Two hormones have opposite effects on the target cell. Target cell is not usually regulated by a single hormone but by the interaction between hormones one hormone stimulate the target while the other inhibits

Front 33

Permissive effect

Back 33

The target so needs a previous or simultaneous exposure to one hormone before another hormone can affect the cell

Front 34

Synergistic effect

Back 34

To hormones complement each other. Either hormone can affect the target but the effect is greater when both hormones are present

Front 35

Antagonistic effect

Back 35

Two hormones have opposite effects on the target cell. Target cell is not usually regulated by a single hormone but by the interaction between hormones one hormone stimulate the target while the other inhibits

Front 36

Rhythmic

Back 36

Secretion is periodic or cyclic

Front 37

Permissive effect

Back 37

The target so needs a previous or simultaneous exposure to one hormone before another hormone can affect the cell

Front 38

Synergistic effect

Back 38

To hormones complement each other. Either hormone can affect the target but the effect is greater when both hormones are present

Front 39

Antagonistic effect

Back 39

Two hormones have opposite effects on the target cell. Target cell is not usually regulated by a single hormone but by the interaction between hormones one hormone stimulate the target while the other inhibits

Front 40

Rhythmic

Back 40

Secretion is periodic or cyclic

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Erratic

Back 41

Secretion depends on outside influences

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Inactivation

Back 42

Hormones are in activated by the cell target or removed by the kidney or liver

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Anterior pituitary

Back 43

Also known as the adenohypophysis

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Anterior pituitary

Back 44

Also known as the adenohypophysis

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Posterior pituitary

Back 45

Also known as a neurohypophysis

Front 46

Anterior pituitary

Back 46

Also known as the adenohypophysis

Front 47

Posterior pituitary

Back 47

Also known as a neurohypophysis

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Veins

Back 48

Larger vessels that return blood to the heart

Front 49

Anterior pituitary

Back 49

Also known as the adenohypophysis

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Posterior pituitary

Back 50

Also known as a neurohypophysis

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Veins

Back 51

Larger vessels that return blood to the heart

Front 52

Portal system

Back 52

Blood leaves the heart arteries and goes to capillaries where there is an exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues. The blood is then collected any larger vessel. Instead of the blood going back to the heart the vessel goes to a second body structure and branches into a second set of capillaries. There is an exchange between the blood and the second structure before the blood returns to the heart.

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Anterior pituitary

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Gets its blood from the portal system

Front 54

Hormones with names that end in I F

Back 54

Would inhibit secretion of the anterior pituitary

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The posterior pituitary does not produce hormones

Back 55

It stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

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Oxytocin

Back 56

Excreted by the posterior. Pituitary

Causes the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus in mammary gland. Also causes the smooth muscle around milk ducks in the mammary gland and cause ejection of milk.

Front 57

Oxytocin

Back 57

Excreted by the posterior. Pituitary

Causes the contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus in mammary gland. Also causes the smooth muscle around milk ducks in the mammary gland and cause ejection of milk.

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Antidiuretic (ADH) hormone or vasopressin

Back 58

Causes the kidney to save water and form a concentrated urine

Front 59

Caffeine and alcohol

Back 59

Inhibit ADH production

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Diabetes

Back 60

Refers to excess production of urine

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Diabetes insipidus

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When excess urine production is caused by lack of ADH

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Tropic hormones

Back 62

Hormones that affect other endocrine glands

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Hypersecretion

Back 63

Excess production of the hormone

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Hypersecretion

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Excess production of the hormone

Front 65

Hyposecretion

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Insufficient production of the hormone

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Hypersecretion

Back 66

Excess production of the hormone

Front 67

Prolactin

Back 67

This hormone stimulates milk production by the mammary glands and it also inhibits ovulation in females

Front 68

Growth hormone. (HGH, somatotropin)

Back 68

Important in causing the development of the skeletal in skeletal muscles. Causes of body cells to switch from burning glucose a carbohydrate to burning fat

Front 69

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 69

This hormone causes gamete maturation

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 70

This hormone causes gamete maturation

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Luteinizing hormone

Back 71

In female- LH causes ovulation and stimulates production of progesterone maturation

In males- stimulates 'interstitial cells' in the testes. These cells produce testosterone

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Follicles

Back 72

Sacs of tissue in the thyroid

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Follicles

Back 73

Sacs of tissue in the thyroid

Front 74

Colloid

Back 74

Gelatinous material in the follicles

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Thyroglobulin

Back 75

Large protein in the colloid

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"T4"

Back 76

Four iodine atoms attached

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Thyroxine

Back 77

Hormone produces by the thyroid

Front 78

Calorigenic effect

Back 78

The increase rate of reactions, increases heat production and helps maintain body temperature.

Front 79

Calcitonin or thyrocalcitonin

Back 79

Decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood by increasing the rate of bone formation which removes calcium from the blood