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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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endocrine function
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Endocrine system interacts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of body cells
controls long term processes (growth, development, reproduction) |
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nervous vs endocrine
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short, quick, electrical vs. long, slow, chemical
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define hormone and target cell
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hormone: chemicals that travel through bloodstream
target cells only respond to certain hormones with right receptors |
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3 classifications of hormones
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amino acid derivative
peptide (chains of amines) lipid derivatives |
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exocrine vs endocrine
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secrets on surface, non hormonal eg: sweat, tears
secrets hormones into bloodstream |
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major endocrine glands
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pituitary
adrenal gonads thyroid pineal thymus |
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hormone delivery and transport
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endocrine glands have blood supply, half life can be extended with carrier proteins, won't be digested (equilibrium between bound and free)
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hormone inactivation
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-absorbed
-metabolized by cleaning organs -enzymes in blood |
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permissivness
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when two hormones need each other to work
-thyroid hormone and reproductive |
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synergism
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when two hormones produce the same effects, working together, effect amplified
-glucagon and GH |
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integration
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2 hormones produce same effect that complement each other, create a balance
-calcitonin and PTH balance calcium, different structures |
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antagonism
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one hormone opposes the other, don't circulate at same time
-insulin glucagon |
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endocrine gland stimuli
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-humoral (changing levels_
-neural (direct stimulation nervous system, triggers. eg adrenal medulla stress) -hormonal(release of one triggers another) |
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hypothalamus control
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-highest level of control
-controls by: releasing hormones (cascade to pituitary), endocrine secretions (produces oxytocin stored in posterior pit), autonomic centre (direct control over adrenal medulla) |
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nervous system control
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nervous system can modify stimuli and feedback, override endocrine controls
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target cell specificity
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determined by specific receptors on cell surface
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number control, target cell receptor adjustment
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-up regulation: more hormone=more receptors
-down regulation: too much for too long, reduces number to self preserve |
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target cell response depends on...
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circulating levels of hormone, number of receptors, strength of bond between two
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primary/secondary disorders
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primary: caused by problem with gland, eg blood supply, tumor
secondary: other organs or target tissues, usually hypothalamus or pituitary |
