Endochondral Ossification

Front 1

Describe the Endochondral ossification process

Back 1

Cartilage model forms

bone growth happens apoositional and interstitially

Front 2

The bony collar that appears around the diaphysis converting perichondrium to periosteum can be thought of as ?

Back 2

Intramembranous

Front 3

Cartilage in ? region calcifies and inhibits the diffusion of nutrients causing cartilage cells to die.

Back 3

Diaphyseal

Front 4

When the cartilage matrix breaks down due to inhibition of diffusion of nutrients from the diaphyseal region this forms the ?

Back 4

Primitive Marrow Cavity

Front 5

? cells migrate in with the blood vessels to become ? in the marrow cavity

Back 5

Periosteal cells


Become --> Osteoprogenitor cells

Front 6

Calcified cartilage is stained ?

Bone is ?

Back 6

Cartilage - basophilic

Bone - Eosinophilic

Front 7

First area of bone that begins to ossify. Calcified cartilage breaks down and remains as spicules. The osteoblasts begin to lay bone on these areas. What is this area called?

Back 7

Primary Ossification Center

Front 8

Growth in length of long bones occurs in region of ? cartilage

Back 8

epiphyseal

Front 9

What are the zone called in epiphyseal cartilage?

RPHCM

Back 9

Real people hate Calcium runs

Zone of reserve

Zone of proliferation

zone of hypertrophy

zone of calcified cartilage

zone of resorption

Front 10

In what zone has lack of cellular proliferation and matrix production?

Back 10

Zone of reserve

Front 11

In what zone do cells larger than the previous zone, undergo mitosis, secrete matrix and arrange themselves in COLUMNS?

Back 11

Zone of Proliferation

Front 12

In what zone are cells metabolically active, have enlargement due to cytoplasm filled with glycogen, and cartilage compressed to form linear bands between cell columns?

Back 12

Zone of Hypertrophy

Front 13

In what zone do you have hypertrophied cell degeneration and calcification of cartilage matrix?

Back 13

Zone of Calcified Cartilage

Front 14

Small blood vessels and CT invade region occupied by dying chondrocytes, remaining calcified cartilage form spicules.

Osteoclasts and osteoprogenitor cells invade

--> cartilage replaced by bone

Back 14

Zone of Resorption

Front 15

? appear in epiphyses leaving a epiphyseal growth plate between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

Back 15

Secondary Ossification center

Front 16

REMEMBER

Primary ossification center = Diaphysis

Secondary ossification center = Epiphysis

Back 16

REMEMBER

Primary ossification center = Diaphysis

Secondary ossification center = Epiphysis

Front 17

Where does growth of bone length occur at?

Back 17

Epiphyseal plate

Front 18

What type of growth causes growth in diameter?

Accompanied by enlargement of the marry cavity due to ?

Back 18

Appositional Growth
(at the periosteal surface)

Osteoclastic resorption of endosteal bone

Front 19

What type of mineralization occur in the body's hard tissues?

Back 19

Cementum
Bone
Enamel
Dentin

Front 20

Which mineralization is collagen based?

What is deposited around the collagen fibirils?

Back 20

Bone
Dentin
Cementum

Calcium Phosphate

Front 21

What mineralization is not collagen based?

Back 21

Enamel

(the only "vowel" mineralization process)

Front 22

? and ? bind extracelular CALCIUM increasing local concentration

Back 22

Osteocalcin

Sialoproteins

Front 23

True or False

In order for mineralization to occur, the concentrations of Ca2+ and PO4- ions MUST EXCEED the normal threshold level.

Back 23

True

Front 24

Osteoblast secrete ? which increases the local concentration of phsophate ion which stimulates further increase in ? concentration

Back 24

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE


==> causes increase in CALCIUM concentration

Front 25

Osteoblast secrete matrix vesicles which contain ? and ? which cleave phsophate groups from matrix molecules.

Back 25

Alkaline phosphatase

PYROPHOSPHATASE

Front 26

After osteoblasts have released their enzymes, matrix vesicles accumulate Calcium and phosphate ions causing an increase in isoelectric point causing ? to form.

Back 26

CaPO4 crystallization

Front 27

? crystals initiate the mineralization of the matrix.

Back 27

CaPO4 crystals

Front 28

True or False

There is NO unmineralized intermediate phase in enamel formation.

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

What is the unmineralized phase in dentin formation called?

Back 29

Pre-Dentin

Front 30

What is the unmineralized phase in cementum is called?

Back 30

Cementoid

Front 31

What are the steps of Bone Remodeling Cycle?

Back 31

Recruitment
Activation
Resorptive activity of Osteoclast
osteoclast apoptosis

recruitment and activity of osteoblast to replace bone resorbed

Front 32

? are formed as osteoclasts tunnel through existing bone forming a cutting cone.

What cells follow behind? --(acts as a closing cone)

Blood vessels proliferate through the center turning the tunnel into a ?

Back 32

Osteons

Osteoblasts

Osteonic Canal

Front 33

True or False

Remodeling occurs on the surfaces of bone trabeculae in spongy bone.

Back 33

True

Front 34

REMEMBER

Bone is a calcium reservoir.

Back 34

REMEMBER

Bone is a calcium reservoir.

Front 35

What hormone stimulates bone resorption? causing increase in blood calcium levels.

Back 35

PTH

Front 36

? inhibits osteoclast activity thereby lowering blood calcium levels

Back 36

Calcitonin

Front 37

PTH also reduces excretion of calcium by the ? and stimulates calcium absorption by the ?

Back 37

Kidneys

small intestines

Front 38

After the injury site in bone has been cleaned up, ? and ? proliferate grow into the site.

Back 38

Fibroblasts

Capillary

Front 39

Granulation tissue forms --followed by formation of cartilage covering surface of bone to form a ?

Back 39

Callus

Front 40

? bone is formed first both periosteally and endosteally after injury to bone.

It is remodeled to form compact bone

Back 40

spongy bone